Whats In A Medicine? Flashcards
State the general reaction between carboxylic acids and alkalis
Carboxylic acid + base ➡️ carboxylate salt + water
Describe the Brønsted-Lowry theory of an acid
Acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors
State the general reaction between carboxylic acids and carbonates
Carboxylic acid + carbonate ➡️carboxylate salt + carbon dioxide + water
State the general reaction between carboxylic acid and alcohol to for esters, giving the reagents and conditions
Carboxylic acid + alcohol ➡️ester + water
In the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid
Heat under reflux
Describe the acid nature of phenols
It is a weak acid because it partially dissociates In water
Phenol + water = phenoxide ion + Oxonium ion
Test for phenol
Add neutral iron (III) chloride solution.
If phenol is present a purple complex is formed.
Describe the uses of combinatorial chemistry
Combinatorial chemistry is used to mass produces hundreds of different sample of a chemical all at once. This allows for new drugs to be produced quickly which can be tested for the desired effect.
Equations for atom economy
% atom economy = Mr of useful products / Mr of the reactants used X 100
Order of atom economy
Rearrangement, Addition ➡️ substitution, condensation ➡️ elimination
What are the following questions asked when a drug undergoes clinical trials
Q1) is it safe?
Q2) does it work?
Q3) is it better than standard treatment?
Describe the process of thin layer chromatography
1) spot any mixtures and reference samples on a pencil line 1cm from the bottom of the t.l.c plate
2) place the t.l.c plate in a beaker containing solvent, making sure the solvent is below the pencil line. Cover the beaker with the watch glass.
3) remove the t.l.c plate when the solvent is near the top. Mark how far the solvent has reached
4) allow the t.l.c plate to dry. Locate any spots with a suitable locating agent-such as iodine
5) find the Rf value for each spot
6) compare Rf values
