Whatever Flashcards
What parts of an atom are in the nucleus
Protons and neutrons
What is an ion
An atom has lost or gained electrons
What happens if an atom gains an electron
It becomes negatively charged
What happens if an atom loses an electron
It becomes positively charged
How many electrons are in the first shell
2
How many electrons are in the second shell
8
What does the atomic number show
Amount of protons
How do you work out the atomic mass
Protons + neutrons
What is an isotope
An atom with an unstable amount of neutrons
What do isotopes want to do and how do they do it
Get rid of neutrons, emit radioactive decay
What are 4 uses of isotopes
Medicine - scans, industry - thickness measurement, smoke alarms, power
What are problems with radioisotopes
Hard to dispose safely, exposure to radiation
What does alpha decay look like
2 protons, 2 neutrons - helium nucleus
What does beta decay look like
One electron
What does gamma decay look like
A wave of energy
Which type of decay goes the furthest
Gamma
What is half life
The time for half of a radioactive sample to decay
How do you calculate distance
Speed x time
How do you calculate speed
Distance/time
How do you calculate time
Distance/speed
Which graph has curves
Distance - time
How do you calculate acceleration
Change in velocity/change in time
How do you calculate force
Mass x acceleration
What is Newtons first law
A body at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion will remain in motion unless it is acted upon by an external force
What is mutualism
Where it’s beneficial to both organisms
What is Newtons second law
The force acting on an object is equal to the mass of that object times its acceleration
What is Newtons third law
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
What is an example of mutualism
Clownfish and anemone
What is commensalism
a relationship between two species in which one obtains benefits from the other without harming or benefiting it.
What is an example of commensalism
Small birds and large grazing herbivores
What is parasitism
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm
What is an example of parasitism
Worms
What is symbiosis
Symbiosis is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction, between two organisms of different species.
What is predation
Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey.
What is an example of predation
wolves hunting moose
What is competition
Competition is an interaction between organisms or species in which both require a resource that is in limited supply. Competition lowers the fitness of both organisms involved since the presence of one of the organisms always reduces the amount of the resource available to the other.
What is a Newton
One Newton is the force needed to accelerate one kilogram of mass at the rate of 1m/s/s in the direction of the applied force
What is the first trophic level
Producers
What is the second trophic level
Primary consumers
What is the third trophic level
Secondary consumers
What is the fourth trophic level
Tertiary consumers
What is the fifth trophic level
Apex consumers
What is an example of a decomposer
Fungi
What is an example of a producer
Grass
What are the three glands located in the brain
Pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland
What does the pineal gland do
Melatonin - sleep
What is the gland in the upper neck
Thyroid gland
What does the thyroid gland do
Metabolism and growth
What is the gland in the lower neck
Thymus gland
What does the thymus gland do
White blood cell production
What is the organ in front of the kidneys
Pancreas
What does the pancreas do
Produce insulin
What is the gland behind the kidneys
Adrenal gland
What does the adrenal gland do
Produce adrenaline
What does the endocrine system do
Responsible for producing hormones. Hormones are chemical signals that allow our body to communicate with itself
What is homeostasis
The process for maintaining a constant internal environment
What is an example of homeostasis
If the body is hot it will sweat and blood vessels will expand. The nervous system will send a message to the hypothalamus
What does the nervous system do
Coordinates the actions of complex organisms via the transmission of electrochemical signals. Signals are transmitted by a network of neurons
What are the two roles of the digestive system
To digest (break down food) and to absorb food into the bloodstream
What is the purpose of the respiratory system
Gas exchange (air in and carbon dioxide out)
What is the purpose of the circulatory system
To transport substances around the body and to every cell
What are the four parts of blood
Red blood cells, plasma, white blood cells, platelets
What are the two jobs of the excretory system
Filter our blood of toxins and regulate the amount of water, salts and vitamins in our blood
What is the definition of dynamic
Moving, changing
What are the 5 levels of the inside of earth
Inner core, outer core, lower mantle, upper mantle, crust
What is the inner core of the earth made of
Hot dense ball of iron
What is the outer core made of
Hot iron nickel alloy, liquid
What is the lower mantle made of
Molten rock, 56% of volume
What is the upper mantle made of
Molten rock
What do dendrites do
Convert chemical information into electrical signals
What do axons do
Transmit electrical signals to terminal regions
What is a soma
A cell body containing the nucleus and organelles
What are the two parts of the nervous system
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
What is unicellular
An organism consisting of a single cell
What are the 6 inputs humans need
Water, carbs, minerals, vitamins, oxygen, protein
What are the 3 outputs humans need
Carbon dioxide, nitrogenous waste, excess nutrients
What is the formula for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is cellular respiration
Using oxygen and glucose to make energy
What is the formula for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
What is the purpose of the immune system
To fight infections and diseases
What is the first line of defense
Skin
What is the second line of defence
Non specific response such as white blood cells, inflammation, fever
What is the third line of defense
Specific and adaptive response such as antibodies and memory cells
