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Whatever Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What parts of an atom are in the nucleus

A

Protons and neutrons

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2
Q

What is an ion

A

An atom has lost or gained electrons

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3
Q

What happens if an atom gains an electron

A

It becomes negatively charged

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4
Q

What happens if an atom loses an electron

A

It becomes positively charged

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5
Q

How many electrons are in the first shell

A

2

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6
Q

How many electrons are in the second shell

A

8

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7
Q

What does the atomic number show

A

Amount of protons

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8
Q

How do you work out the atomic mass

A

Protons + neutrons

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9
Q

What is an isotope

A

An atom with an unstable amount of neutrons

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10
Q

What do isotopes want to do and how do they do it

A

Get rid of neutrons, emit radioactive decay

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11
Q

What are 4 uses of isotopes

A

Medicine - scans, industry - thickness measurement, smoke alarms, power

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12
Q

What are problems with radioisotopes

A

Hard to dispose safely, exposure to radiation

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13
Q

What does alpha decay look like

A

2 protons, 2 neutrons - helium nucleus

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14
Q

What does beta decay look like

A

One electron

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15
Q

What does gamma decay look like

A

A wave of energy

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16
Q

Which type of decay goes the furthest

A

Gamma

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17
Q

What is half life

A

The time for half of a radioactive sample to decay

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18
Q

How do you calculate distance

A

Speed x time

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19
Q

How do you calculate speed

A

Distance/time

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20
Q

How do you calculate time

A

Distance/speed

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21
Q

Which graph has curves

A

Distance - time

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22
Q

How do you calculate acceleration

A

Change in velocity/change in time

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23
Q

How do you calculate force

A

Mass x acceleration

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24
Q

What is Newtons first law

A

A body at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion will remain in motion unless it is acted upon by an external force

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24
Q

What is mutualism

A

Where it’s beneficial to both organisms

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25
Q

What is Newtons second law

A

The force acting on an object is equal to the mass of that object times its acceleration

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25
Q

What is Newtons third law

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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25
Q

What is an example of mutualism

A

Clownfish and anemone

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26
Q

What is commensalism

A

a relationship between two species in which one obtains benefits from the other without harming or benefiting it.

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26
Q

What is an example of commensalism

A

Small birds and large grazing herbivores

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27
Q

What is parasitism

A

Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm

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28
Q

What is an example of parasitism

A

Worms

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29
Q

What is symbiosis

A

Symbiosis is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction, between two organisms of different species.

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30
Q

What is predation

A

Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey.

31
Q

What is an example of predation

A

wolves hunting moose

32
Q

What is competition

A

Competition is an interaction between organisms or species in which both require a resource that is in limited supply. Competition lowers the fitness of both organisms involved since the presence of one of the organisms always reduces the amount of the resource available to the other.

33
Q

What is a Newton

A

One Newton is the force needed to accelerate one kilogram of mass at the rate of 1m/s/s in the direction of the applied force

34
Q

What is the first trophic level

A

Producers

35
Q

What is the second trophic level

A

Primary consumers

36
Q

What is the third trophic level

A

Secondary consumers

37
Q

What is the fourth trophic level

A

Tertiary consumers

38
Q

What is the fifth trophic level

A

Apex consumers

39
Q

What is an example of a decomposer

A

Fungi

40
Q

What is an example of a producer

A

Grass

41
Q

What are the three glands located in the brain

A

Pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland

42
Q

What does the pineal gland do

A

Melatonin - sleep

43
Q

What is the gland in the upper neck

A

Thyroid gland

44
Q

What does the thyroid gland do

A

Metabolism and growth

45
Q

What is the gland in the lower neck

A

Thymus gland

46
Q

What does the thymus gland do

A

White blood cell production

47
Q

What is the organ in front of the kidneys

A

Pancreas

48
Q

What does the pancreas do

A

Produce insulin

49
Q

What is the gland behind the kidneys

A

Adrenal gland

50
Q

What does the adrenal gland do

A

Produce adrenaline

51
Q

What does the endocrine system do

A

Responsible for producing hormones. Hormones are chemical signals that allow our body to communicate with itself

52
Q

What is homeostasis

A

The process for maintaining a constant internal environment

53
Q

What is an example of homeostasis

A

If the body is hot it will sweat and blood vessels will expand. The nervous system will send a message to the hypothalamus

54
Q

What does the nervous system do

A

Coordinates the actions of complex organisms via the transmission of electrochemical signals. Signals are transmitted by a network of neurons

55
Q

What are the two roles of the digestive system

A

To digest (break down food) and to absorb food into the bloodstream

56
Q

What is the purpose of the respiratory system

A

Gas exchange (air in and carbon dioxide out)

57
Q

What is the purpose of the circulatory system

A

To transport substances around the body and to every cell

58
Q

What are the four parts of blood

A

Red blood cells, plasma, white blood cells, platelets

59
Q

What are the two jobs of the excretory system

A

Filter our blood of toxins and regulate the amount of water, salts and vitamins in our blood

60
Q

What is the definition of dynamic

A

Moving, changing

61
Q

What are the 5 levels of the inside of earth

A

Inner core, outer core, lower mantle, upper mantle, crust

62
Q

What is the inner core of the earth made of

A

Hot dense ball of iron

63
Q

What is the outer core made of

A

Hot iron nickel alloy, liquid

64
Q

What is the lower mantle made of

A

Molten rock, 56% of volume

65
Q

What is the upper mantle made of

A

Molten rock

66
Q

What do dendrites do

A

Convert chemical information into electrical signals

67
Q

What do axons do

A

Transmit electrical signals to terminal regions

68
Q

What is a soma

A

A cell body containing the nucleus and organelles

69
Q

What are the two parts of the nervous system

A

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

70
Q

What is unicellular

A

An organism consisting of a single cell

71
Q

What are the 6 inputs humans need

A

Water, carbs, minerals, vitamins, oxygen, protein

72
Q

What are the 3 outputs humans need

A

Carbon dioxide, nitrogenous waste, excess nutrients

73
Q

What is the formula for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

74
Q

What is cellular respiration

A

Using oxygen and glucose to make energy

75
Q

What is the formula for cellular respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

76
Q

What is the purpose of the immune system

A

To fight infections and diseases

77
Q

What is the first line of defense

A

Skin

78
Q

What is the second line of defence

A

Non specific response such as white blood cells, inflammation, fever

79
Q

What is the third line of defense

A

Specific and adaptive response such as antibodies and memory cells

Science (3 decks)

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