What & Where is Development Flashcards
Why is labeling some countries as “First world” and others “Third World” problematic?
It creates a situation of “us” and “them” and creates arbitrary rankings that is based only on economic values. It also creates issues within policy making as first world states can justify their actions or decisions based on the claim of “helping” third world states.
What is “Trusteeship” and what context does it play in international development?
The belief that some groups (such as the U.S or other rich western nations) need to act on behalf of others because they are not able to take care of themselves (such as nations in the global south).
Which former U.S president gave a speech in 1949 that would outline modern development and create the notion of “us” and “them” as in us the rich and developed, and them as in the poor and underdeveloped. .
President Truman
What does the fourth world refer to?
Indigenous communities and failed states.
What is the Gini coefficient?
A means to measure poverty. (closer to 0 = less unequal, closer to 1 = more unequal)
Describe absolute, moderate and relative poverty.
Absolute poverty: It is Extreme poverty which implies they cannot meet basic needs for survival.
Moderate poverty: basic needs are met, but barely. They live on $2.50 a day.
Relative poverty: Poverty in comparison the national income average or national poverty average. This can also occur in developed countries.
What is the capabilities approach to development?
This approach focuses on a concept of freedom that involves both processes and opportunities.
This includes things like civil and political rights (processes) and entitlements (opportunities) that increase freedom like education, health care and overall increase people’s ability to lead fulfilling lives.
What is the human rights approach to development?
This system was created by the UN and focuses on the position of the state in regards to human rights. It incorporates some parts of the capabilities approach.
Who created the “Ladder of development” concept and what does it entail?
Jeffery Sachs created this theory, and it implies development is a ladder anyone can climb. The rungs of this ladder involve their participation in the market and are as follows:
Not on the ladder and have very little opportunity to do so. Life is a daily struggle of poverty, malnutrition and they live completely outside of the market economy.
First rung and entered the market economy for the first time. They see some change and get basic comforts like food and employment.
Properly climbing and gaining basic education and employment.
Established themselves within modern sector jobs with a proper education and comforts in life.
New Third World cosmopolitan elite which include the super-rich and 1% of the peoples of the world.
List as many of the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as you can. (Not important to memorize all of them exactly)
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.
Universal primary education
Promote Gender equality and empower women
Reduce child mortality
Improve maternal health
Combat major infectious diseases.
Promote environmental sustainability.
What were the various criticisms regarding the MDGs set out by the UN?
The MGDs ignored a lot of sensitive issues such as politics.
It did not address the systematic issues that created these problems in the first place. It did not challenge any foundations but rather sought to sedate the issue.
These goals moved away from the challenging factors of development that are more advanced than just GDP.
