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Elizabethan England revision cards > What were the threats to Queen Elizabeth and how did she deal with them? > Flashcards

What were the threats to Queen Elizabeth and how did she deal with them? Flashcards

1
Q

Who led the case against Mary, Queen of Scots at her trial?

A

Francis Walsingham and William Cecil

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2
Q

In the Babington Plot, who framed Mary, Queen of Scots in plotting to replace Elizabeth?

A

Francis Walsingham

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3
Q

When was Mary, Queen of Scots executed?

A

February 1586.

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4
Q

Why did many of Essex’s followers suddenly abandon him on his march to London?

A

They had found out that Robert Cecil had labelled Essex a traitor.

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5
Q

How well did Essex get on with Queen Elizabeth through the early 1590s?

A

He was one of her favourites, a potential suitor, she gave him the monopoly of sweet wine which made him very rich and he had military successes against the Spanish in 1596.

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6
Q

What did Holland (the Netherlands) have to do with the Spanish Armada?

A

Holland was a country that was part of the Spanish Empire and in 1566 Protestant rebels had started an uprising. In 1585, Elizabeth sent English troops (Robert Dudley leading 7000) to support the rebels; this was a clear act of war against Spain.

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7
Q

What did Pope Pious V issue in 1570

A

A papal bull called ‘Regnans in Excelsis’ which called on all good Catholics to remove Elizabeth from power.

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8
Q

In the Throckmorton Plot, what was planned to happen once Elizabeth had been killed?

A

An uprising of English Catholics, a French invasion led by Henry, Duke of Guise and Mary, Queen of Scots being crowned Queen.

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9
Q

Who was appointed by Philip II as commander of the Spanish Armada?

A

The Duke of Medina-Sidonia

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10
Q

At her trial in October 1586, what was Mary, Queen of Scots’ main argument in her defence?

A

That as a foreign queen and not an Englishwoman she could not be guilty of treason.

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11
Q

How successful was Essex in his duties as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland?

A

He did not defeat the Irish rebels, instead he made a truce with them. This was completely against the Queen’s orders.

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12
Q

When was the ‘Regnans in Excelsis’ issued and by who?

A

1570 by Pope Pious V.

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13
Q

What were Puritans?

A

Extreme Protestants who were unable to compromise and accept alternative religions and churches.

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14
Q

What are Jesuits?

A

A group within Catholicism whose aim is to spread the religion

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15
Q

Who was John Field?

A

Leader of an extreme branch of Puritanism based in London. He preached and published articles against the Church of England, he was eventually banned from preaching.

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16
Q

In what year was the Ridolfi Plot?

A

1571

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17
Q

What tried to invade England in August 1588?

A

The Spanish Armada

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18
Q

What is a religious mission?

A

When somebody travels around to spread the ideas of their religion.

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19
Q

Why was Mary, Queen of Scots still a threat to Elizabeth even after her execution in February 1586? (2 reasons)

A
  1. She had become a martyr (someone who dies for their beliefs) to the Catholic cause in England. 2. Elizabeth in agreeing to the execution had demonstrated that it was okay to kill a queen, this might encourage some of her enemies.
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20
Q

In what year was the Babington plot?

A

1586

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21
Q

Why did some Puritans have such a problem with the surplice?

A

It was a white gown that bishops in the Church of England wore; Puritans preferred to dress in black.

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22
Q

What job was Essex given in January 1599?

A

Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

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23
Q

How many men were in the Catholic army that marched south in the Northern Rebellion?

A

4600

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24
Q

What do the Northern rebellion, the Ridolfi plot, the Throckorton Plot and the Babington Plot all have in common?

A

They were all Catholic plots against Queen Elizabeth.

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25
Q

In what month and year did the Spanish Armada try to invade England?

A

August 1588

26
Q

What was a consequence of Elizabeth not wanting to marry Phillip II of Spain?

A

The Spanish Armada.

27
Q

Which Catholic plot against Elizabeth was the Earl of Susses connected to?

A

The Northern Rebellion. He raised an army and helped to beat the rebels.

28
Q

Who was Edmund Campion?

A

A Jesuit who undertook a mission to spread Catholicism to England in 1580. He was executed in 1581.

29
Q

Which Catholic plots against Elizabeth was the Duke of Norfolk connected to?

A

The Northern Rebellion and the Ridolfi Plot

30
Q

What happened two weeks after Essex’s rebellion?

A

He was put on trial for treason, found guilty and executed on 25th February 1601.

31
Q

In what year was the Throckmorton Plot?

A

1583

32
Q

Which plot against Elizabeth involved an illegal Catholic mass being held in Durham Cathedral?

A

The Northern Rebellion

33
Q

What was Edmund Campion disguised as at the start of his religious mission?

A

A jewel merchant.

34
Q

In 1558, due to marriage, Mary, Queen of Scots was actually queen of two countries, which were they?

A

Scotland and France.

35
Q

How did the weather help defeat the Spanish Armada?

A

Storms battered the ships off the Scottish and Irish coasts, many were wrecked.

36
Q

In what year was the Northern Rebellion?

A

1569

37
Q

What happened to Edmund Campion on 20th November 1581?

A

He was hanged, drawn and quartered.

38
Q

Who in Elizabeth’s government was a Puritan?

A

Robert Dudley and Francis Walsingham.

39
Q

How did Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins help to cause the Spanish Armada?

A

They had spent years attacking Spanish ships and ports and stealing their treasures (all of this was acting on Elizabeth’s orders). The most famous example of this was when Drake destroyed many Spanish ships at Cadiz in 1587 (“Singeing the King of Spain’s beard”.).

40
Q

In the Ridolfi plot, where would the planned invasion be launched from?

A

The Netherlands

41
Q

Who was planned to marry Mary, Queen of Scots in the Ridolfi plot?

A

Norfolk

42
Q

What did Essex do at the start of his 1601 rebellion?

A

Took four of the Queen’s privy councillors hostage.

43
Q

How did Spanish mistakes help defeat the Spanish Armada?

A

Spanish ships were slow and less manoeuvrable. There was delay in loading troops from the Netherlands. The cannons and cannonballs on board many of the ships were the wrong type for sea-battles, they were intended for land battles once the troops arrived in England.

44
Q

Which Catholic plot against Elizabeth was Henry, Duke of Guise connected to?

A

The Throckmorton Plot

45
Q

Who was The Duke of Medina-Sidonia?

A

He was appointed by Philip II as commander of the Spanish Armada.

46
Q

What were the 2 religious reasons why there was conflict between England and Spain?

A
  1. The Pope had called for all Catholics to challenge Elizabeth in 1570. 2. England was Protestant and Spain was Catholic.
47
Q

Regardless of anything she did or said, why was Mary, Queen of Scots such a threat to Elizabeth?

A

She was Catholic, heir to the throne of England and already a Queen.

48
Q

Why were so many Puritans disappointed with Queen Elizabeth?

A

They thought that she was going to being about an end to all Catholic ways in England and were disappointed when the Elizabethan religious settlement did not.

49
Q

How was Mary, Queen of Scots, related to Elizabeth?

A

They were cousins.

50
Q

What were prophesyings?

A

Meetings of the clergy (religious leaders) for prayer and discussion which would usually include criticism of Elizabeth’s church.

51
Q

Which Catholic plots against Elizabeth was Mary Queen of Scots connected to?

A

The Northern rebellion, the Ridolfi plot, the Throckorton Plot and the Babington Plot (all of them).

52
Q

When was Mary, Queen of Scots put on trial?

A

October 1586

53
Q

Give 2 examples of what was granted to Catholics in the Elizabethan religious settlement.

A

2 of these: Some Catholic ideas were included in Protestant church services; Services were written so as not to be offensive to Catholics; Recusancy fines for Catholics were very low; Private beliefs and acts of worship would not be punished.

54
Q

Which Catholic plot against Elizabeth was Northumberland connected to?

A

The Northern Rebellion

55
Q

How did English tactics help defeat the Spanish Armada?

A

Fireships broke the Spanish formation and left individual ships vulnerable. English ships were faster. English cannon bombardment confused the Spanish.

56
Q

In what year did the Earl of Essex (Robert Devereux) lead a rebellion against Queen Elizabeth?

A

1601

57
Q

What were recusancy fines?

A

Fines for people who refused to attend services by the Protestant Church of England.

58
Q

In what year did Edmund Campion’s mission come to England?

A

1580

59
Q

How many followers did Essex have with him on his march to London?

A

200.

60
Q

What happened in a Privy Council meeting in 1598 at which Essex was present?

A

He had an argument with the Queen, turned her back on him, she hit him, he almost drew his sword to retaliate. He was put under house arrest but there was no further punishment.

61
Q

Which Catholic plot against Elizabeth was Westmoreland connected to?

A

The Northern Rebellion

62
Q

What was the intended aim of the Babington plot?

A

To murder Elizabeth and place Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne.

Elizabethan England revision cards (3 decks)

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