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Medicine Through Time revision cards Dec 2018 > What were the changes and continuities for medicine in the Ancient Period? (Prehistoric, Egyptians, Greeks, Romans) > Flashcards

What were the changes and continuities for medicine in the Ancient Period? (Prehistoric, Egyptians, Greeks, Romans) Flashcards

1
Q

What improved knowledge of anatomy in the Egyptian period?

A

Embalming.

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2
Q

If you had a bad fever, which humour would Greek doctors say you had too much of?

A

Yellow bile.

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3
Q

Who was Sekhmet?

A

The Egyptian Goddess of War who they believed also caused and cured epidemics.

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4
Q

What important anatomical discovery did Herophilus make at Alexandria?

A

The brain controls the body.

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5
Q

When during the Egyptian period was the library at Alexandria opened?

A

It wasn’t. It was built in the Greek period.

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6
Q

What bodily organs did the Egyptians know about?

A

The heart, liver, brain, lungs and blood.

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7
Q

What was the Hippocratic collection?

A

A collection of books covering many aspects of medicine written by Hippocrates. They were used for centuries.

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8
Q

Why did the Greek’s believe in the 4 Humours theory?

A

It was based on their observations of the world, believing that there were four elements that made up everything, four seasons of the weather, and four humours inside the body.

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9
Q

What name is given to the type of doctor who performs operations?

A

Surgeon

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10
Q

What was the natural explanation of disease in the pre-historic period?

A

There wasn’t one

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11
Q

What was a supernatural treatment for illness in the Egyptian period?

A

Pray to Sekhmet

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12
Q

What would a healthy person’s humours be like?

A

Balanced.

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13
Q

Why and how did embalming improve knowledge of anatomy in the Egyptian period?

A

Belief in the necessity of preparing dead bodies for the afterlife led to the removal of organs and their identification.

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14
Q

What is disease and infection the story of?

A

The story of what people throughout History believed made them unwell and how they tried to treat illnesses.

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15
Q

What are the three themes comprising the History of Medicine?

A

Disease and infection, surgery and anatomy, public health.

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16
Q

What metal were Egyptian surgical instruments made from?

A

Bronze

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17
Q

Why might a person wear an abracadabra charm?

A

To ward off the plague

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18
Q

Why was bleeding introduced as a treatment for any illnesses as a result of the 4 Humours theory?

A

Based on the four humours, doctors thought that they needed to reduce the blood in a patient’s body to make the better.

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19
Q

Most Egyptian medicines were purgatives. What does this mean?

A

Medicines designed to make you be sick or go to the toilet (poo poo).

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20
Q

What were the types of treatments based on the four humours?

A

Bleeding and purgatives.

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21
Q

Which of these is not a humour: blood, sweat, yellow bile?

A

Sweat

22
Q

Define supernatural explanations of disease.

A

Explanations based on beliefs rather than anything physical.

23
Q

What is an epidemic?

A

A disease which spreads widely, harms/kills lots of people and is very difficult to stop.

24
Q

What did Galen demonstrate that improved knowledge of anatomy?

A

That the brain controls the body not the heart.

25
Q

How did the Roman army help to improve surgery?

A

Lots of wounded soldiers meant lots of practise for surgeons.

26
Q

Which time periods are sometimes summarised as the’ ‘Ancient World?’

A

Prehistoric, Egyptian, Greek, Romans

27
Q

What was the Egyptians’ natural response to illness?

A

The Channel Theory.

28
Q

Who was Asclepios?

A

The Greek God of healing.

29
Q

What did Galen add to the Four Humours theory?

A

The idea of using ‘opposites’ to balance the humours.

30
Q

How many book did Galen write?

A

Around 64.

31
Q

How were Galen’s dissection operations limited?

A

They were often conducted on animals not people.

32
Q

What is a fun and memorable poem for remembering the first letter of each of the time periods (in the right order)?

A

People Eat Green Rolos During Rows In Turkey

33
Q

How did papyrus improve medicine in Egyptian times?

A

Healers and surgeons were able to record and share ideas and discoveries.

34
Q

What are the factors we use in the History of Medicine?

A

Religion, Chance, War, Individuals, Science & Technology , Communications.

35
Q

How many books were in the library at Alexandria?

A

700,000.

36
Q

Define natural explanations of disease.

A

Explanations based on physical evidence, observation and scientific deduction (even if the science is wrong).

37
Q

What did the Egyptians know about the function of key bodily organs?

A

Very little.

38
Q

Name the 4 humours.

A

Phlegm, blood, yellow bile, black bile.

39
Q

What is public health the story of?

A

The story of what the government in any time period did to improve the health of its people.

40
Q

What is the earliest example of surgery we know about in the History of Medicine?

A

Trephinning.

41
Q

Who would you go to for treatment in Pre-historic times.

A

The medicine man or shaman.

42
Q

What was allowed at Alexandria that helped improve knowledge of anatomy?

A

Dissection.

43
Q

What was the Greek’s natural explanation for disease called?

A

The Four Humours.

44
Q

What Egyptian invention improved communication?

A

Papyrus

45
Q

What is surgery and anatomy the story of?

A

The story of people’s knowledge through History of the human body plus how operations have changed and improved over time.

46
Q

The Roman goddess of healing was called Salus. Who else did they sometimes pray to?

A

Asclepius.

47
Q

What were aqueducts?

A

Channels built by the Romans to bring fresh clean water into their towns and cities from higher ground.

48
Q

What was the supernatural explanation of disease in the pre-historic period?

A

Evil spirits had got inside your body

49
Q
  1. What was the Channel Theory based on and why?
A

The River Nile and the damage done to crops when irrigation channels became blocked.

50
Q

What are the different time periods in the History of medicine (in order please)?

A

Prehistoric, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Dark Ages, Renaissance, Industrial period, 20th/21st centuries.

51
Q

What was the Egyptian’s natural explanation for disease?

A

The Channel Theory

Medicine Through Time revision cards Dec 2018 (5 decks)

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