What Was the Impact of the Second Five-Year Plan? (2a.2) Flashcards
1
Q
When was the second five year plan announced?
A
Eighth CCP Congress 1958
2
Q
Why was it not really a ‘plan’?
A
- No planners announcing carefully thought out targets
- Organisation details left to local cadres
- Direction from above came in form of slogans and threats to those not pulling weight
- Targets constantly being revised upwards
3
Q
Economic reasons for launching second five year plan
A
- Industrialisation depended on agriculture becoming more efficient/productive to feed industrial workforce
- Would free up peasants to go to cities to become workers
- Speed at which farming has been collectivise indicated agriculture was progressing sufficiently rapidly
4
Q
What was the ‘carrot’ approach?
A
- Conservatives
- Zhou Enali and Chen Yun
- Rewarding high food producers with material incentives (more consumer goods and higher food prices)
5
Q
What was the ‘stick’ approach?
A
- Radical hardliners
- Called for punitive measures against low producers and requisitioning of food
- Initially Mao considered too risky (70% party peasants) but problem with cautious approach was industry not yet producing large amounts of consumer goods to offer peasants
6
Q
Personal reasons for launching second five year plan
A
- Mao’s confidence high: collectivisation achieved more rapidly than expected
- Impressive burst of activity on water conservancy schemes
- Provincial tour enthusiastically received
7
Q
Political reasons for launching second five year plan
A
- Determined to show Soviet union he could act independently of them
- Moving from socialism to communism along ‘Chinese’ road
- Developing industry and agriculture simultaneously, mobilising peasantry
8
Q
Ideological reasons for launching second five year plan
A
- Plan’s reliance on mass peasant mobilisation fitted with Mao’s thinking
- Greater degree of decentralisation gave more scope for local initiative to thrive
9
Q
Failures of the second five year plan
A
- By 1962 only producing 1/2 amount of heavy industrial goods, 3/4 amount of light industrial goods being made in 1958
- Krushschev removed soviet experts 1960 when Sino-Soviet split worsened
- Lack of clear planning: relied on intuition and massive deployment of manpower
- Lacked necessary level of technical/managerial know-how
- Quality control inadequate: caused major problems with export orders
10
Q
Successes of second five year plan
A
- Increases in output of raw materials
- Construction of Tiananmen Square
- Development of nuclear weapons 1964
11
Q
When was the Lushan Conference?
A
1959
12
Q
What was the Lushan conference?
A
- Asses progress of Great Leap Forward
- Peng Duhuai stood up to Mao
- Clarified that GLF would continue apace
- Only person who could criticise Mao was Mao himself
