What Was The Impact Of Immigration 1919-80? Flashcards

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1
Q

1920s immigration

A

Processed through Eillis Island
Most from Europe- Britain, Ireland, Germany
Because largely a Jewish population, Russian or polish

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2
Q

Im migration pre and during 20s

A

1917 Immigration Act
1921 Emergency Quota Act
1924 Johnson Reed Immigration Act
Influenced by Red Scare and isolationism
Bombings by anarchists, communist workers strikes, riots: Gov’t try to calm with immigration and deportation

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3
Q

Dillingham Commision 1907-1911

A

Investigate impact of immigration
Said threatens US society and culture
Distinguish ‘old’ immigrants from England, Ireland, Germany and ‘new’ ‘socially inferior’ immigrants from southern and Eastern Europe

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4
Q

Immigration restriction league

A

Establish in 1984 to campaign to restrict immigration
Wrote books and pamphlets on dangers of the flood of immigrants from S and E Europe
Members included politicians in Senate and House of Representative
Bill of literacy tests and ‘undesirable’ immigrants rejected as against US traditions and values

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5
Q

Southern American immigrants

A

Immigrants from South America, especially Mexico, increased rapidly in the late 20s to fill cheap labour
Some ‘official’ immigrants registered with Bureau of Immigration
Other cross illegal by border
Demand for workers (didn’t ask q) and fear of deportation
Began to deport after depression hit
Many went to California to search for work

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6
Q

Effect of immigration

A

Different neighbourhoods for ethnicities and nationalities eg little Italy or china town
30s, many factories employ a majority of immigrants eg Ford motor factory
2nd generation immigrants move up the social ladder
Immigrants started to take part in politics- particularly democrats- Irish in Boston, Italians in NY

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7
Q

Impact of WW2 on immigrants

A

Japanese Americans interned during WW2- grounds they may have been spies
‘Racism’ is termed in Supreme Court
War conditions meant govt could use internment
Italian/ German Americans treated more softly
Blame race phobia and war hysteria following pearl harbour

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8
Q

Japanese internment order

A

Executive order 9066
1946 last camp closed
1988 Govt release apology

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9
Q

Govt policy following WWII

A

Quota system
Didn’t allow for refugees
Wanted to replace with immigrant regulation

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10
Q

Govt acts following WWII

A

1952 Immigration and Nationality Act
1953 Refugee Acts allowed certain number into US outside of the quota
After 60s, European immigration to US slowed and more people were accepting

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11
Q

Cuba and immigration

A

Difficulty coping with large number
Castro seized power in Cuba 1959
US opposed Castro and over 3 years 200,000 Cubans fled to the US
Govt set up Cuban Refugees Programme

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12
Q

Immigration and Nationality Act

A

1965 immigration and nationality act
Abolishes quotas and sets limits of 170,000 immigrants a year, allows more Asian immigration
Immediate family members of US citizens allowed in outside limit
Law doesn’t apply to Western Hemisphere

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13
Q

Attitudes towards Hispanic immigrants change

A

1954: immigration and naturalisation service deports illegal immigrants from southern and western states- operation wetback
Hispanic immigrants moving to cities became concern: 83% of hisp population by 1980
Limit set in no entering, some cross border secretly to become ‘illegals’

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14
Q

Illegal immigrants

A

No exact record, largest no from Mexico, length of border made it hard to control
1980: about 1 million illegal ‘aliens’ were found, arrested and deported
INS: Immigration and Naturalisation Service

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15
Q

Details of operation wetback

A

1.3 million left (deported or voluntarily)
Increasing disease, unemployment, crime blamed on Mexican immigrants in media
Propaganda used to garner support for immigration control
News created buzz and border control viewed positively, perceived as success

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16
Q

Acts 50s

A

1950s operation wetback, immigration and nationality (begins to favour north and west Europeans)
Refugee escapee: covers those escaping communist countries

17
Q

Acts 60s

A

Armed forces naturalisation (US citizenship to foreigners who had fought on the side of US)
Cuban adjustment: citizenship to Cubans entering country
Immigration and nationality: more Asian immigrants

18
Q

Acts 70s

A

Immigration Nationality: 1st time Western Hemisphere to be included

19
Q

Shifting attitudes 1941-80

A
Hostility among public 
Govt more likely to restrict 
Liberal politicians more likely to accept: vary/ diversify pop
Bad economy blamed on immigrants 
1980s: control immigration 'nativism'
20
Q

Mariel Boat Exodus

A

Mariel Boat Exodus: Cuban communist dictator allowed 1000s of Cubans to get on board and sail to Florida: Castro allowed jails to be emptied onto US boats