what treatments would you discuss with them Flashcards

1
Q

Moderate Asthma

A

Nebulised beta-2 agonists (i.e. salbutamol 5mg repeated as often as required)

Nebulised ipratropium bromide (sometimes with salbutamol)

Steroids. Oral prednisolone or IV hydrocortisone

Antibiotics if evidence of bacterial infection

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2
Q

Severe Asthma

A

Oxygen if required to maintain sats

Aminophylline infusion (smooth muscle relaxant)

Consider IV salbutamol

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3
Q

Life Threatening Asthma

A

IV magnesium sulphate infusion (bronchodilator)

Admission to HDU / ICU

Intubation in worst cases – however this decision should be made early because it is very difficult to intubate with severe bronchoconstrictio

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4
Q

COPD (maintainance)

A

First Line:

Short acting bronchodilators:

  • beta-2 agonists (salbutamol or terbutaline) OR
  • short acting antimuscarinics (ipratropium bromide).

Second Line:

  • combined long acting beta agonist (LABA)
  • plus a long acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) e.g. tiotropium
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5
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

A

Initial:

  • apixaban or rivaroxaban
  • LMWH when these arent suitable

Long Term:
- warfarin, DOACs, LMWH

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6
Q

Pneumothorax

A

If no SOB and small rim of air the chest xray then no treatment required as it will spontaneously resolve.

If SOB and/or there is a > 2cm rim of air on the chest xray then it will require aspiration and reassessment.

If aspiration fails twice it will require a chest drain.

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7
Q

Pleural Effusion

A
  • ABCDE
  • Treat underlying cause
  • Intercostal drain for large pleural effusion or empyema
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8
Q

Bronchial Carcinoma

A

NSCLC:

  • 1st line - lobectomy
  • Curative radiotherapy
  • Chemotherapy

SCLC:

  • Palliative chemotherapy

consider personalised/ precision medicine

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9
Q

Pneumonia

A

Antibiotics- Penecillin, amoxicillin, vancomycin for Staph. aureus

IV crystalloid

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