What to Expect between the State and the Citizens Flashcards
The _________________________ Act of 2010 (RA 10121)
Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
What was the name before establishing the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction Management
National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC)
The NDRRMC is headed by a Cabinet-level council with the following members:
____________: Secretary of the Department of National Defense (DND)
Chairperson
The NDRRMC is headed by a Cabinet-level council with the following members:
_____________: Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
Vice Chairperson for Disaster Preparedness
The NDRRMC is headed by a Cabinet-level council with the following members:
__________: Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
Vice Chairperson for Disaster Response
The NDRRMC is headed by a Cabinet-level council with the following members:
___________: Secretary of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
Vice Chairperson for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
The NDRRMC is headed by a Cabinet-level council with the following members:
_____________: Director-General of the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)
Vice Chairperson for Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery
The NDRRMC has key responsibilities which are:
policy-making, coordination, monitoring, and evaluation related to disaster risk reduction and management.
The role of the Office of civil defense (OcD)
Responsible for overseeing the country’s civil defense and disaster risk reduction and management program.
Also serves as the Executive Director of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)
The Role of the Office of Civil Defense (OCD)
The law mandates that all appointees to these positions must be recognized experts in disaster preparedness and management, with a proven track record of honesty and integrity. The NDRRMC relies on the OCD as its secretariat, utilizing its services and facilities (Section 8 or RA 10121).
Powers and Functions of the Office of Civil Defense
Policymaking
Formulate and Implement the NDRRMC
Powers and Functions of the Office of Civil Defense
Coordination
Advise the NDRRMC
Formulate Standard Operating Procedures
Establish Standard Operating Procedures for Communication
Establish the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Operations Center (NDRRMC)
Powers and Functions of the Office of Civil Defense
Integration
Identify and Assess Hazards and Risks
Establish Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Training Institutes
Create an Enabling Environment for CSO Participation
Prepare Criteria for Accredited Community Disaster Volunteers (ACDVs)
Powers and Functions of the Office of Civil Defense
Supervision
Ensure LGUs Adhere to National Standards
Ensure Government Agencies Prioritize Disaster Risk Reduction
Provide Advice and Technical Assistance
Create Necessary Offices
Powers and Functions of the Office of Civil Defense
Monitoring and Evaluation
Develop National Standards
Review and Evaluate LDRRMPs
Ensure Alignment with International Agreements
Conduct Early Recovery and Post-Disaster Needs Assessment
The state as the duty bearer
The term “duty bearer” describes the state’s primary responsibility for protecting its citizens’ human rights.
According to Rawinji (n.d.), if a state is inspired by its responsibility to “respect, protect, facilitate, and fulfill human rights, the state will be invested in disaster risk reduction initiatives, ensuring earthquake-resistant buildings, fire-safe environments, and food security.”
Stages of Disaster Risk Reduction Process
1.Selecting a community
2.Rapport building and understanding
3.Participatory disaster risk assessment
4.Community-based disaster risk management planning
5.Community-managed implementation
Selecting a community
Description:
LGU is tasked to conduct a thorough risk assessment survey of its area of jurisdiction. CBDRRM activities depend on several factors, more significantly the risk exposure of a specific community.
Selecting a community
Requirements:
Criteria for Identifying Communities for CBDRRM activities:
the severity risk exposure of the community;
number of people who will benefit from DRR activities;
the readiness of the community to engage in DRR activities;
poverty status of the community;
government priority of physical, social, and economic vulnerability;
budget availability; and
accessibility
Rapport building and understanding
Description:
After the community selection, it is essential to appreciate the local social relationships, power structures, and key economic groups and to build/develop informal relations with the local people.
Rapport building and understanding
Requirements:
Local government and nongovernmental organizations make sure to:
build a picture of the nature, needs, and resources of the community gathering information about social groups, cultural arrangements, economic activities, spatial characteristics, and vulnerable households and groups; and
facilitate effective people’s participation through immersion in the community, being transparent about its purpose, participation in daily life activities in the community, listening to the people’s issues, learning new skills from locals, and performing local tasks.
Participatory Disaster Risk Assessment
Participatory Disaster Risk Assessment is a process to identify the risks that communities, villages, communes face and how people overcome those risks.
Community-Based Disaster Risk Management Planning
At this stage, further analysis will be conducted jointly by the local authorities and communities to analyze the risks and identify strategies and solutions to address them.
Community-managed implementation
The plan should be implemented at the community level with the support of local authorities and research institutions.
Community-managed implementation
Structural activities:
Disaster-resilient construction of houses, dikes, and bridges, as well as mangrove planting and forest plantations.
Community-managed implementation
Nonstructural activities:
Community training, disaster response drills, community early warning systems, crop diversification, and rainwater harvesting.
Monitoring and evaluation
Participatory monitoring and evaluation (PME) involves collaboration among local community, development agencies, local authorities, and other stakeholders to assess progress and identify necessary follow-up actions. Harmony among these groups is important for the success of PME initiatives.
Before disaster
Principles and Elements of Emergency Preparedness
Principles of Emergency Preparedness
Elements of Emergency Preparedness
On Prevention and Mitigation
Principles and Elements of Emergency Preparedness
Emergency preparedness is a crucial aspect of disaster management, emphasizing the need for local authorities and communities to ensure readiness for potential emergencies.
Elements of Emergency Preparedness
The UNCHR and NDCC (2003) likewise identified the elements of emergency preparedness that the localities may need for effective action
- Legal frameworks and enabling policies for emergency management.
- The collection, analysis, and dissemination of vulnerability information.
- Management systems for emergency preparedness.
- Public awareness and community participation.
On Prevention and Mitigation
Prevention refers to the process of minimizing the risks caused by hazards in the area including old buildings and dilapidated houses, apparatuses, furniture, and the natural hazards of the area.
On Prevention and Mitigation
Mitigation is the act of minimizing loss of life and destruction of properties by decreasing the impact of disasters. Employing mitigation activities reduce vulnerability to threats and hazards. Below are the different types of mitigation activities that may be employed:
Reducing Disaster Risk at the Local Community Level
RA 10121 or the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010
Examples of how to reduce long-term risk
Reducing Disaster Risk at the Local Community Level
Under RA 10121 or the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010, the National Disaster Coordinating Council or NDCC was renamed as the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) or the NDRRMC or the National Council. The National Council was also given broader powers and included more stakeholders such as the civil society and private sectors.
Reducing Disaster Risk at the Local Community Level
The following are examples of how to reduce long-term risk:
- Strengthening People’s Economic Capacity
- Enhancing People’s Coping Strategies
- Firming up Social and Organizational Support Structures
- Firming up Social and Organizational Support Structures
- Advocacy and Policy Influence
Emergency Preparedness Activities
Community risk assessment
Community-based spot map
Emergency preparedness plan
Community-based action plan
Establishment of early warning system
Evacuation drills and exercises
Community risk assessment
The Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (2007) defines CRA as “a participatory process for assessing hazards, vulnerabilities, risks, ability to cope, preparing coping strategies, and finally preparing a risk reduction options implementation plan by the local community.”
Community-based spot map
According to CDRC (2008), the objective of a spot map in the community is to have a clear perception of the physical and geographical settings of the area.
Emergency preparedness plan
The key to a successful community disaster risk reduction is community-based disaster risk reduction planning.
parts of epp
According to CDRC (2008), there are three parts of EPP, namely
a. the disaster situation,
b. the objectives of EPP, and
c. the concepts and policies in plan implementation.
Community-based action plan
RA10121 authorizes communities to develop a CBDRRM Plan.
Establishment of early warning system
Early Warning System Early (EWS) provides a positive action of giving warning to people regarding the entry of a destructive event in their area which may be a possible threat to their lives and security and need an appropriate response.
Evacuation drills and exercises
An evacuation drill is a simulation activity or a drill putting into practice the training and knowledge acquired from disaster-related training.
Disaster Recovery
Also known as post-disaster intervention.
Disaster recovery is about the decisions and actions taken after a disaster with a view to restoring or improving the pre-disaster living conditions of the affected community (WB, nd).
According to UN/ISDR (2004), Recovery provides an opportunity to develop and to apply disaster risk measures.
REhabilitation
Refers to the disaster management interventions for a few weeks or months after the disaster.
The objective is to boost or embolden the area to start to function again. It begins to reintegrate the people, systems and services
Reconstruction
Reconstruction phase involves much longer interventions. These interventions are efforts to bring back an area to normal condition after an unembellished destruction and devastation.
This phase is intended to put things back in a more permanent condition and possibly in a better version.
Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E)
Through monitoring and evaluation, you can acquire information that determines the things that need to be done in disaster management.
Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (PM&E)
A tried-and-tested approach used by social fund/CDD operations in their regular operations that also can be used in CBDRM.
The World Bank stressed that the core principles of PM&E include the following:
Treating the primary Stakeholders as active participants MAE,not just sources of information;
Building the capacity of local people to analyze, reflect, and take action;
Facilitating joint learning by all key stakeholders: and
Catalyzing the commitment of stakeholders to taking corrective actions.
Community-Based Disaster (Risk) Management (CBDRM)
In building resilient communities, the community-based disaster risk reduction management approach is applied. It involves local communities in establishing local mechanisms in reducing risks.
Elements of CBDRM
Initiating the process and establishing rapport;
Community risk assessment (hazard, vulnerability and capacity);
Participatory community disaster risk reduction and management plan;
Formation and strengthening of community organization;
Community-managed implementation of disaster risk reduction plan;
Participatory monitoring and evaluation; and
Progressing towards safer, adaptive, and resilient communities (Kafle and Murshed, 2006)
Damage, Needs and Capacity Assessment (DNCA)
Ensures the appropriateness and relevance of interventions.
Provides information and updates on the people’s situation and their properties. It includes damages on people, properties, employment, livelihood, and community facilities.
DNCA provides information on the following:
How did the people and the community respond to disaster?
What are the support and Services that government and nongovernment organizations give to the people?
What are the other threats in the community?
What are other communities’ needs that require attention?
