What Science Says About The Self

Question 1

It is defined as the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of a structure and behavior of a physical and natural world through observation and experiment

Answer 1

Science

Question 2

Scientific approaches to the study of the self are classified into two:

Answer 2

Physical sciences

Social sciences

Question 3

This science focuses on biological factors that make up the human body, the underlying growth and maturational mechanisms, and environmental influences that contribute to human development, the central focus of which is the self

Answer 3

Physical Science

Question 4

This science is concerned with institutions, cultures, and interpersonal relationships of people living within society.

Answer 4

Social Science

Question 5

Scientists and doctors explain how genes from both parents contribute to the characteristics of offspring through _____

Answer 5

Genetics

Question 6

This project was implemented for the purpose of mapping the functions of genes, as well as exploring the interactions of nucleotides and their effects on biological processes

Answer 6

Human Genome Project, from 1990-2003

Question 7

It is concerned with the association of the brain and the mind

• in order to understand the workings of a human mind, one must first understand the brain, its functions, and wave activity
• Human consciousness, worldview, beliefs, and other attributes are distinctly connected to brain physiology and functioning

Answer 7

Neurophilosophy

Question 8

• Aimed to unite idealism and empiricism through his theorem, _____
• According to him, understanding of the world should not be unidimensional; the self is a product of idealism & realism

Answer 8

Maurice Merleau-Ponty, ”We are our bodies”

Question 9

It describes the shaping of the self as similar to how a human immune system functions

• in discovering oneself, a person is likely to imbibe external experiences that are seen to be helpful and reject those that he, or she does not like, or derive pleasure from

Answer 9

Psychoneuroimmunology

Question 10

It is defined as a study of human behavior, and sees the self as a theoretical construct

Answer 10

Psychology

Question 11

In many psychological theories, it has been used as an object of several ideas or constructs. Such use of the term not only indicates acceptance of its existence, but also emphasizes its significance in characterizing human, psychological and personal characteristics

Answer 11

The self

Question 12

It describes a consciousness of individuals about their strengths, weaknesses, and potentials, as well as underlying factors that contribute to such aspects of self

Answer 12

Self-awareness

Question 13

It is a description of what one looks like, sounds like, and behaves like. It is an implicit personality theory that one holds towards oneself.

Answer 13

Self-concept

Question 14

Proposed by Sigmund Freud, it focuses on the unconscious as a core element of itself.

Freud compares the human psyche to an iceberg, with a small tip representing the individuals awareness, and the majority submerged underwater as unconscious

Answer 14

Psychoanalysis

Question 15

This school of thought maintains that the study of behavior should be approached from an observable and measurable perspective. It largely attributes behavior to environmental conditioning

Answer 15

Behaviorism

Question 16

This is a revised framework of the behavioristic perspective, which considers behavior as a function of environment and internal attributes

Answer 16

Social cognitive theory

Question 17

This perspective believes that every individual has ability to achieve self actualization and transcendence, and that each person is inherently good or possesses something that is good.

Answer 17

Humanistic perspective

Question 18

In the humanistic perspective, man has _____&_____ and can overcome environmental boundaries through _____

Answer 18

Choice & free will; Human agency

Question 19

It is the study of a collective behavior of people within a society and focuses on social problems encountered by individuals. It does not see a person on their own, but rather the impacts of social institutions and relationships within society on one’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior.

Answer 19

Sociology

Question 20

It is a study of human beings and ancestors through time and space, and in relation to physical character, environmental and social relations, and of culture. It focuses on evolution of individuals and their societies, as well as specific, cultural tools embedded within generations.

Answer 20

Anthropology

Question 21

In studying the self, anthropology examines the _____ society has made, and how they have impacted people who existed within that society.

Answer 21

Developmental advancements

Question 22

It is concerned with a participation of individuals in establishing a government and making political choices. It is concerned with the factors that influence one’s political choices and behavior.

Answer 22

Political Science

Question 23

In studying the self, what is considered as contribution to selfhood under political science?

Answer 23

Participation in government, advocacies, and ideologies

Question 24

This field describes and analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

Answer 24

Economics

Question 25

In economics, these affect people’s values systems, and sense of self

Answer 25

Economic activities