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natural science > (what's the) Matter and materials > Flashcards

(what's the) Matter and materials Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is matter?

A

anything that takes up space and has a mass

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2
Q

what is an element?

A

a pure substance that cannot be split into simpler substances

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3
Q

what are atoms?

A

the smallest part of a chemical element

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4
Q

what is the periodic table of elements?

A

a list of elements according to their atomic number

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5
Q

what is made up of matter?

A

everything we can see and touch including air

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6
Q

what is matter made up of?

A

atoms

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7
Q

what are elements?

A

made up of atoms of the same kind

listed on periodic table of elements

divided into metals, non metals, semi metals

periods and groups

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8
Q

what are sub atomic particles?

A

atoms are made up of samller particles called:

  1. protons
  2. electrons
  3. nuetrons
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9
Q

draw diagram of an atom:

A
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10
Q

what is the central region of an atom?

A

nucleus

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11
Q

why are atoms neutral?

A

because number of protons=nuetrons

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12
Q

what are the properties of a pure substance?

A

phase

conductivity

solubility

density

magnetism

melting point

boiling point

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13
Q

what are molecules?

A

two or more atoms chemicals bonded to form a unit

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14
Q

what are compounds?

A

different elements reacted chemically to form molecules of compounds

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15
Q

what is the ratio of atoms in compounds?

A

atoms in a compound are combined in a fixed ratio

water = 2 : 1 (two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom)

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16
Q

how are the atoms in molecules held together?

A

by a chemical bond

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17
Q

what is a chemical bond?

A

strong forces of attraction that holds atoms together

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18
Q

how are compounds formed?

A

by means of chemical reactions

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19
Q

what does decomposing a compound mean?

A

when compound is broken down into its composite elements

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20
Q

how can substances be decomposed?

A

*triangle*

heating. example: mecury oxide ———————> mercury + oxygen

electrolysis, decomposing using electrical energy

21
Q

what is a mixture?

A

a combination of two or more substances that have not yet reacted chemically and can be seperated by physical processes

22
Q

name the methods of seperating mixtures

A

hand sorting

magnetic seperation

filtration

seperation funnel (remember:(seperation fun))

distillation:

  • evaporation
  • fractional distillation

chromatography

23
Q

name the conditions for substances to be hand sorted

A

both substances must be solids and big enough to pick up with your hands

example: peanuts and raisens

24
Q

name the conditions for substances to be magneticly seperated

A

one substance must be magnetic and the other non magnetic

example: iron filings and sulphur powder

25
Q

name the conditions for substances to be filtrated

A

one substance must be a liquid and the other a solid which is insoluble in a liquid

example: sand in water

26
Q

name the conditions for substances to be seperated with a funnel (or funnily seperated)

A

substances with different desities can be seperated with a funnel

27
Q

name the conditions for substances to be seperated by (distillation) evaporated

A

a slid dissolved in a liquid

example: sugar and water

28
Q

name the conditions for substances to be seperated by fractional distillation

A

substances (liquids) with different boiling points

example: alcohol and water

29
Q

what is chromatography?

A

rate at which different dissolved substances move in a solute

example: filter paper and ink

30
Q

what are the states of matter?

A

solids, liquids, gases

31
Q

name the properties of a solid

A
  • particles packed closeley together
  • small spaces between particles
  • strong forces of attraction between particles
  • particles do not move freely ( vibrate )
  • fixed shape
32
Q

name the properties of a liquid

A
  • particles are close together but looseley packed
  • particles can move around quickly
  • weaker forces of attraction between particles than in a solid
  • small spaces between particles
33
Q

name the properties of a gas

A
  • particles are wideley spread no fixed shape
  • moves fast and freely
  • weak forces of attraction between particles
  • large spaces between particles
34
Q

what is diffusion?

A

the movement of particles in a liquid or gas from an area of high concentration from an area of low concentration until evenly distributed

35
Q

how is diffusion a result of kinetic energy?

A

gas particles move faster than liquid particles therefore there is more kinetic energy

diffusion is faster in a gas than a liquid

36
Q

what is change of state?

A

when a matter changes into another state or form

heating or cooling can cause change of state

37
Q

what happens when matter is heated?

A

particles gain more kinetic energy

  • particles vibrate more
  • particles knock against each other, particles start to expand
  • eventually particles begin to break away from their position and can move past each other
  • at low temperature parts of a liquid move slowly
  • liquid heated, more kinetic energy, expands = a gas
  • liquid is therefore evaporating
38
Q

what happens when matter is cooled?

A

when particles cool —-> less kinetic energy

particles move closer together

39
Q

what is density?

A

amount of mass per unit for that material

density =

<span>mass(g)</span>

———————

volume

40
Q

what can density tell us?

A

how closeley packed the particles are in a material

41
Q

what has a higher density than the same material in liquid or gas form?

A

solids

  1. exception: water
  • ice cubes float on water
  • water expands when frozen
42
Q

is solid water less dense than liquid water at the same temperature?

A

yes

43
Q

what does density of materials depend on?

A

particles

state of matter:

example: mass of particles

size of spaces between particles

kinds of particles

44
Q

would a material with a low density float on a liquid with a high density?

A

yes

45
Q

what is expansion?

A
  • to grow in size or become larger
  • happens when materials gain energy
  • partcles move faster
  • forces between particles weakens
  • particles move further apart
46
Q

what is contraction?

A
  • to become smaller or shrink
  • materials lose energy (cool down)
  • particles move slower
  • forces between particles become sronger
  • particles move closer together
47
Q

explain how can expansion and contraction be dangorous

A

in cold countries pipes can freeze, water in pipes expand when frozen, pipes can therefore burst

48
Q

what is pressure?

A
  • gas particles in a container move around very quickly
  • they bump into each other and collide with container
  • when gas particles hit wall of container = apply force
  • this is called gas pressure
  • the more particles collide with the walls, the greater the pressure

natural science (5 decks)

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