What's New Flashcards
ToF. Removal of the Multi-axial System
True
DSM-5 utilizes 2 new terms:
Subtypes and Specifiers
Principal diagnosis
understood to be the one “chiefly responsible for occasioning the admission of the individual.”
Provisional Diagnosis
intended for circumstances where either the duration or the full criteria have not yet been met but are expected to be met.
Persistent Depressive Disorder
replaces Dysthymic Disorder and subsumes the category of Recurrent Major Depression.
ToF. In the DSM 5 bereavement excludes the diagnosis of depression;
False
ToF. Bipolar diagnosis can include Mixed Features Specifiers that allow clinicians to document significant Depressive features and Anxiety Specifiers.
True
DSM-5 removes OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) and PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) from the section of Anxiety Disorders.
True, they are placed among 2 newly created categories of OCD and Related Disorders and Trauma Stress Disorders respectively.
DSM-5 distinguishes Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia as 2 distinct disorders
True
Panic Attacks appear in the presence of various other disorders, clinicians may use Panic Attack Specifier
True
The 5 subtypes of Schizophrenia (catatonic, disorganized, paranoid, residual, and undifferentiated) still characterize this disorder.
False
Catatonia (is a Specifier and can be employed with Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Depression
True
Schizophrenia
At least 1 positive symptom (hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized speech) is now required to meet the criteria
Schizoaffective Disorder
Schizoaffective Disorder requires that either depression or bipolar features be present for a majority of the disorder’s duration.
New group of disorders
DSM-5 adds a new group of disorders known as the OCD and Related Disorders. This includes not only what has traditionally been OCD itself, but certain related illnesses including: Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Trichotillomania. Newly created diagnoses in this section are Excoriation Disorder (skin picking) and Hoarding Disorder.
SUBSTANCE ABUSE DISORDERS
No distinction is made between Substance Abuse and Substance Dependence. This is in keeping with the “Spectrum” approach. The main diagnostic heading is Substance Abuse Disorder. The various substances of abuse are now subsumed under this heading: Criteria.
Substance Abuse Criterias
Criteria 1– 4 Craving
Criteria 5– 7 Impaired Social Functioning Criteria 8– 9 Failure to Consider Risks
8– 9 Failure to Consider Risks of Use
Criterion 10 Tolerance Criterion 11 Withdrawal
The substances include
Alcohol, Caffeine, Cannabis, Hallucinogen, Opioids, Sedative-Hypnotics/ Anxiolytics, Stimulants, Tobacco, and Other.
New SA disorder
Tobacco Use Disorder has also been added
NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
Neurodevelopmental Disorders first appear in childhood and are capable of producing lasting impairment of academic, social, occupational, and intrapersonal functioning. The disorders include: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Communication Disorder, Specific Learning Disorder, and Motor Disorders.
DSM-5 conflates Autism, Asperger’s Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder NOS into one diagnosis
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
ASD is characterized by
1) deficits in social communication and social interaction and 2) restricted repetitive behaviors.
Specific Learning Disorder replaces
Reading Disorder, Mathematics Disorder, and Disorder of Written Expression and clinicians should specify if any of the above features are present.
The diagnosis of Mental Retardation has been replaced by
Intellectual Developmental Disorder. This disorder is now assessed more by adaptive functioning and less by absolute IQ score.
DSM-5 establishes a new section for Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders. These include
PTSD, Acute Stress Disorder, Adjustment Disorders, and Reactive Attachment Disorder.
NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERS
DSM-5 introduces a substantial shift in the diagnostic schema regarding Dementia.
The term Dementia has been replaced with Neurocognitive Disorder (NCD).
The Neurocognitive Disorders include a long list of subtypes that are distinguished from one another by the specific cause of the disorder.
Subtypes include: Alzheimer’s, Vascular, Substance Induced, Traumatic Brain Injury, HIV Infection, Parkinson’s Disease, Lewy Bodies, Prion Disease, and Huntington’s Disease.
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS
Dissociative Disorders are listed as a separate diagnostic category that includes
Dissociative Identity Disorder, Dissociative Amnesia, Depersonalization/ Derealization Disorder (this subsumed Depersonalization Disorder). Dissociative Fugue is no longer a distinct diagnosis but is a Specifier.
SOMATIC SYMPTOM DISORDER (SOMATOFORM DISORDERS)
Somatic Symptom Disorder is a new diagnostic construct in DSM-5.
Somatization Disorder, Hypochondriasis, Pain Disorder, and Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder have all been removed and replaced by the new Somatic Symptom Disorder diagnosis.
FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS
A new disorder,
Avoidant/ Restrictive Food Intake Disorder, is primarily confined to children who have extreme food preferences leading to substantial psychological or nutritional problems.
The frequency of purging behavior required to diagnose Bulimia Nervosa has been reduced
from twice per week to once per week. When overeating with a loss of control and significant distress occurs at least weekly for 3 months,
another new disorder,
Binge-Eating Disorder is introduced.
SLEEP-WAKE DISORDER (SLEEP DISORDERS)
new sleep disorders include
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder and Restless Leg Syndrome.
GENDER DYSPHORIA (GENDER IDENTITY DISORDERS)
Gender Dysphoria is no longer categorized alongside sexual dysfunctions and paraphilias. It is now
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS
DSM-5 reorganizes the section of Sexual Dysfunctions.
Genito-Pelvic Pain/ Penetration Disorder replaces Vaginismus and Dyspareunia.
Sexual Aversion Disorder has been removed due to a lack of research evidence
True
DSM-5 introduces the notion that illness is an either/ or phenomenon instead of being along a spectrum or continuum.
False
the boundaries between certain disorders are less sharply defined in DSM-5 than the DSM-4
True
For example, Depression can have Bipolar or Anxiety “Specifiers” thereby acknowledging the overlap of the illness. Likewise, Anxiety disorder can be assigned Bipolar or Depression Specifiers.
DSM-5 diagnosis concerns itself with the extreme ends of these spectrums.
True
The middle of each spectrum is a zone of “healthy functioning”.
