What microbes eat

Question 1

What is a heterotroph? Give examples

Answer 1

: an organism that must obtain its carbon in an organic form. Fungi, protozoa, most bacteria

Question 2

List the 4 different types of heterotrophs and explain them

Answer 2

• Photoheterotroph: energy source from sunlight. Purple-green bacteria
• Chemoheterotroph: conversion of nutrients from other organisms, process these molecules through respiration or fermentation. Protozoa, fungi

-Parasite: utilize tissue and fluids of host. Helminths

-Saprobe: metabolize organic material of dead organisms, decomposers, recycle organic nutrients. Fungi, bacteria

Question 3

an organism that uses inorganic CO2 as its carbon source
Has the capacity to convert CO2 into organic compounds
Not nutritionally dependent on other living things

Answer 3

autotroph

Question 4

2 types of autotroph and what do they do?

Answer 4

• Photoautotroph: microbes that photosynthesize. Algae, plants
• Chemoautotroph: microbes that gain energy from chemical compounds. Methanogens

Question 5

Parasites derive their nutrients from

Answer 5

cells or tissues of a living host

Question 6

3 types of parasites

Answer 6

-Ectoparasites: live on the body, helminths (flukes)

Intracellular parasites :live within cells such as the leprosy bacillus and the syphilis spirochete

Obligate parasites: unable to grow outside of a living host, viruses

Question 7

Passive vs active transport

Answer 7

Passive transport requires no energy.
Substances move along a concentration gradient from high to low.

Active transport requires energy.
Substances move against a concentration gradient from low to high.

Question 8

Diffusion (form of passive transport)

Answer 8

the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 9

Osmossis

Answer 9

The diffusion of water is called osmosis.
Water will always flow from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration.

Question 10

Large molecules can move through embedded transport proteins via ______
high—–>low

Answer 10

facilitated diffusion

Question 11

What is Endocytosis:

Answer 11

-Cell encloses the substance in its membrane
-Simultaneously forms a vacuole and engulfs the substance

Question 12

Phagocytosis is accomplished by what? What does it ingest?

Answer 12

-Accomplished by amoebas and white blood cells
-Ingest whole cells or large solid matter

Question 13

Ingestion of liquids such as oils or molecules in solution

Answer 13

Pinocytosis