what is toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

what is toxicology

A

the study of adverse/undesirable effects of substances on living systems

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2
Q

give an example of plants that could cause accidental poisoning

A
  • deadly nightshade (atropine, muscarinic antagonist) scopolamine less selective antagonist, also acts on histamine receptors so it inhibits gastric secretions
  • woody nightshade (solanine, inhibits cholinesterase) also found in small amnt tomato and green potatoes
    -calabar beans (physostigmine, inhibits cholinesterase)
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3
Q

give examples of toxins that could occur in food

A

puffer fish (tetrodotoxin)
infected rye (ergot alkaloids)
cassava/bitter almonds (cyanide)
kidney beans (lectins)
mouldy apples (patulin)

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4
Q

give an example of a toxin that was used maliciously historically

A

hemlock- CNS and neuromuscular junction nicotinic receptor blocakde (coniine)
-ricin
-dioxin
-phosgene
-mustard gas
-lewisite
-nerve agent VX
-Sarin
-novichok

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5
Q

give examples of occupational toxicology

A

scheele green color wallpaper (copper arsenite)

enviornmental arsenic pollution due to mining

paraquat (herbicide) poisoning in agricultural workers

diazinon and malathion (organophosphates that inhibit acetylcholinesterase) agricultural workers

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6
Q

outline the role of toxicology in pharmacology (how it is useful and pharmaceuticals that are toxic)

A

useful:
-deliberate poisoning via anti-cancer agents
-deliberate but selective: anti microbials anti virals anti fungals
-helps find cures to toxic ingredients ex: NAC antidote for paracetamol poisoning ex: dimercaprol (heavy metal and lewisite poisoning)

toxic:
-paracetamol (liver toxicity)
-halothane (allergic hepatitis)
-thalidomaide (birth defects)
-terfenadine (H1 antagonist causes QT prolongation and cardiac arrest)

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