What is the function of X?

Question 1

Amygdala

Answer 1

a prominent nucleus in the anteriomedial part of the temporal lobe, underlying the uncus and anterior to the hippocampus.
important role in the limbic system - perception of emotion and storing memories of events and emotions

Question 2

Anterior Choroidal Artery

Answer 2

branch of the internal carotid artery

supplies the optic tract, ventral internal capsule and hippocampus

Question 3

Anterior Commissure

Answer 3

a bundle of axons passing between the two cerebral hemispheres and joins the grey matter of the anterior poles of the temporal lobes
it is found ventral to the rostrum of the corpus callosum

Question 4

Anterior Communicating Artery

Answer 4

a short trunk that joins the anterior cerebral arteries at the anterior aspect of the circle of Willis

Question 5

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery

Answer 5

a branch of the basilar artery (variation- the vertebral artery)
it supplies the anterior and inferior quarter of the cerebellum, as well as a small variable area of the medulla

Question 6

Arachnoid Granulations

Answer 6

small collections of arachnoid tissue that projects into the dural sinuses.
play a role in drainage of CSF

Question 7

Arachnoid Mater

Answer 7

the middle layer of the meninges

a thin layer of connective tissue that forms the external boundary of the subarachnoid space

Question 8

Ascending Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus

Answer 8

bundle of axons close to the midline
joins the vestibular nucleus and paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) with the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nerve nuclei
functions in coordinating eye and head movements

Question 9

Auditory Association Area

Answer 9

located on the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus
acts to distinguish speech sounds from other sounds
also contains Wernicke’s area

Question 10

Basal Ganglia

Answer 10

a group of structures involved in the initiation and maintenance of motor functions
consists of substantia nigra, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus

Question 11

Basal Vein (of Rosenthal)

Answer 11

drains the inferior part of the cerebral hemisphere

courses posteriorly to empty into the great cerebral vein

Question 12

Basilar Artery

Answer 12

formed by the confluence of the two vertebral arteries
short artery found on the ventral surface of the pons in the midline
divides into terminal branches - superior cerebellar and posterior cerebral arteries

Question 13

Broca’s Area

Answer 13

responsible for the motor activities involved in the production of speech
usually dominant hemisphere that directs speech

Question 14

Calcarine Fissure

Answer 14

horizontal fissure on the medial surface of the occipital lobe
cortex surrounding it is the primary visual cortex

Question 15

Caudate Nucleus

Answer 15

one of the structures of the basal ganglia
primitive correlation centre for movement
located deep within the cerebral hemisphere and adjacent to the lateral ventricles
has head, body and tail regions
along with the putamen forms the neostriatum

Question 16

Cerebellar Cortex

Answer 16

has a thick later of grey matter on its surface - cortex

3 distinct cellular layers - molecular later, Purkinje cell layer and granular layer

Question 17

Cerebellar Folia

Answer 17

the highly folded surface of the cerebellum, each one referred to as a folium

Question 18

Cerebellar Tonsils

Answer 18

part of the ventral cerebellum
when intracranial pressure is sufficiently increased, the tonsils and brainstem can be forced through the foramen magnum - tonsilar herniation or coning

Question 19

Cerebellar Vermis

Answer 19

the midline aspect of the cerebellum
(named for its resemblance to an earthworm)
vermal and paravermal regions function in the coordination of movement

Question 20

Cerebral Aqueduct

Answer 20

Canal in the central part of the midbrain through which CSF flows from the 3rd to the 4th ventricle

Question 21

Cerebral Peduncle or Crus Cerebri

Answer 21

located on the ventral surface of the midbrain

composed of axons of upper motor neurons carrying signal to the lower motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord

Question 22

Cingulum

Answer 22

(meaning ‘belt’)
a bundle of axons deep within the cingulate gyrus
carries signals between the hippocampus and cingulate gyrus

Question 23

Cisterna Magna

Answer 23

area of subarachnoid space containing CSF

located inferior to the cerebellum and dorsal to the medulla

Question 24

Collateral Sulcus

Answer 24

courses along the inferior surface of the cerebral hemisphere
separates the parahippocampal and lingual gyri from the occipitotemporal gyrus

Question 25

Corona Radiata

Answer 25

meaning ‘radiant crown’

refers to projection axons carrying signals between the cerebral cortex and other areas of the CNS

Question 26

Corpus Callosum

Answer 26

large commissural bundle fo axons
joins left and right cerebral hemispheres together
in sagittal section can be slit into rostrum, genu, body and splenium areas

Question 27

Corticobulbar Tract

Answer 27

axons of upper motor neurons projecting to lower motor neurons in the brainstem

Question 28

Corticospinal Tract

Answer 28

axons of upper motor neurons carrying signals from the primary motor cortex to synapse with lower motor neurons in the spinal cord

Question 29

Cuneus

Answer 29

meaning ‘wedge’
area of cortex on the medial surface of the occipital lobe
bounded by the parieto-occipital and calcarine fissure
receives visual information from the ipsilateral side of the retina - takes part in basic visual processing

Question 30

Decussation of the pyramids

Answer 30

site in the caudal medulla where 80-85% of corticospinal axons cross the midline

Question 31

Decussation of the Superior Cerebellar Peduncles

Answer 31

area of the midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculus
axons from the dentate nucleus in the cerebllum cross the midline on their way to the thalamus

Question 32

Dentate Nucleus

Answer 32

one of the deep nuclei of the cerebellum
receives signals from the neocerebellum and relays them to the motor cortex of the cerebrum via the thalamus
functions in coordination of skilled movements

Question 33

Diencephalon

Answer 33

part of the cerebrum consisting of the thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus and epithalamus

Question 34

Dorsal Funiculus

Answer 34

refers to the dorsal aspect of the white matter tract of the spinal cord
includes two major tracts - fasciculus gracilies and fasciculus cuneatus - both sensory in function
also known as the dorsal columns

Question 35

Dura Mater

Answer 35

outermost layer of the meninges
thick, tough layer of connective tissue
fused to the inside of the cranium and forms a sheath around the spinal cord