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AP Statistics > What is Statistics : Chapter 1 > Flashcards

What is Statistics : Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Individuals

A

Objects that are described by a set of data. EX: People, animals, and things

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2
Q

Variables

A

Characteristics, numbers, and quantities related to various individuals. EX: Numerical and Categorical variables

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3
Q

Categorical variables

A

Variables that describe an individual by placing them into different groups (categories)
EX: Gender

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4
Q

Quantitative Variable

A

Variables that are measured by numbers. EX: Population, shoe sizes, milage

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5
Q

Distribution

A

Distribution tells us what all the possible values are in a data set and how often they occur.

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6
Q

Inference

A

A conclusion drawn from evidence and reasoning.

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7
Q

Association

A

The relationship between two variables. EX: When knowing the value of one variable predicts the value of another

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8
Q

Two-way tables

A

A table that organizes the data of two categorical variables measured for the same set of individuals.

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9
Q

Symmetric Distribution

A

The data set presents a graph that mirrors itself on the left and right. EX: a parabola

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10
Q

Skewed right

A

The data set presents a graph where there are less data points on the right side. EX: the tail of the graph would be on the right side of the graph

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11
Q

Skewed left

A

The data set presents a graph where there are less data points on the left side. EX: The tail of the graph is on the left side of the graph

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12
Q

Stemplots

A

Stemplots separate data by ones and tens in order to show data frequency and a quick idea of what a graph will look like.

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13
Q

Data Analysis

A

Organizing, displaying, summarizing, and asking questions about a certain topic.

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14
Q

Frequency Table

A

Displays the frequencies of certain results in a data set

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15
Q

Roundoff Error

A

The difference between an approximation of a number computation and its exact value.

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16
Q

Pie Chart

A

Graph that displays categorical variables by using sections of a “pie” to represent various percentages and frequencies within a data set.

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17
Q

Bar Graph

A

Graph that displays each category as a bar, the height of the bar depends on the frequencies of various variables.

18
Q

Side by Side Bar Graph

A

Bar graphs that represent two separate categories displayed across the x-axis in different colors.

19
Q

Center

A

The median or mean of a data set. EX: measures of center

20
Q

Spread

A

The range of a data set. EX: measures of spread

21
Q

Departures

A

A value that lies outside the overall pattern of a data set.

22
Q

Outlier

A

A data point that varies from the rest of the data point. EX: 1,2,4,6,91….91 is the outlier

23
Q

Mode

A

The most frequent value in a data set. EX: 1,2,3,3,3,3,4…..3 is the mode

24
Q

Overall Pattern

A

The pattern of distribution which includes shape, center, and spread of the data.

25
Q

Unimodal Dot Plot

A

A dot plot that consists of only one peak.

26
Q

Bimodal Dot Plot

A

A dot plot that contains two peaks.

27
Q

Mean

A

The average of a data set. Mean is represented by a symbol that is x with a horizontal line above it. Mean = sum of all values/ number of values
(x bar) x̅ = ∑xi / n

28
Q

Median

A

The midpoint of the data set

29
Q

Range

A

Calculates the full spread of the data and is used to see variance. EX: subtract the lower extreme from the upper extreme

30
Q

First Quartile

A

The first fourth of a data set, on the left of the median.

31
Q

Third Quartile

A

The third fourth of a data set, on the right of the median.

32
Q

1.5 Outlier Rule

A

If a data point is less than (Q 1 - 1.5 x IQR) or more than (Q3 + 1.5 x IQR), it is an outlier.

33
Q

Interquartile Range (IQR)

A

Measures statistical dispersion by finding the difference between the 75th and 25th percentiles (Q3 and Q1).

34
Q

Relative Frequency Table

A

Displays the percentage (relative frequencies) that occur in each recorded category

35
Q

Marginal Distribution

A

The distribution of values among all represented individuals

36
Q

Conditional Distribution

A

Describes the values of variables among specific values of certain individuals. EX: think about conditional probability

37
Q

Segmented Bar Graph

A

Bars are stacked on top of one another to represent various categories of a whole.

38
Q

Dot plot

A

A graph that shows quantitative data by using dots to represent frequencies of a specific category.

39
Q

Departures

A

A value that lies outside the rest of the data’s pattern.

40
Q

Stem (Stemplot)

A

The digits in the tens place located on a stemplot.

41
Q

Leaf (Stemplot)

A

The digits in the ones place located on a stemplot.

AP Statistics (1 decks)

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