What Is Research

Question 1

What is research?

Answer 1

Research is a systematic investigation involving data collection and analysis to answer a question.

Question 2

What are the two key components of research?

Answer 2

Data collection (quantitative or qualitative) and data analysis.

Question 3

How is research used to contribute to knowledge?

Answer 3

Research development, testing, and evaluation contribute to generalizable knowledge.

Question 4

What is a literature review?

Answer 4

A literature review is a comprehensive analysis of previous research on a specific topic.
without adding new contributions

Question 5

What are the sub-steps involved in making a literature review?

Answer 5

Reading, summarizing, assessing, and synthesizing relevant references.

Question 6

Give examples of systematic investigations.

Answer 6

Examples include surveys, interviews, data observation, assessment, and experiments.

Question 7

Why do researchers need a literature review?

Answer 7

It provides a solid foundation, clarifies the research topic, and guides the researcher to relevant methods and theories.

Question 8

What is the purpose of surveys in research?

Answer 8

Surveys collect data anonymously and help in gathering information from participants.

Question 9

What information should be provided to survey participants?

Answer 9

Information about the study, data collection, duration, expected results, and anonymity.

Question 10

What are casual interviews?

Answer 10

Casual interviews are informal and short interactions without prior appointments.

Question 11

What is a formal interview?

Answer 11

A formal interview is a scheduled, detailed interview with a specific purpose.

Question 12

What distinguishes an exempt observation?

Answer 12

Exempt observations involve watching public interactions with no need for consent.

Question 13

When is consent required for observation?

Answer 13

Consent is needed when observation moves to a private space, collects private information, or presents risks.

Question 14

What are archival data?

Answer 14

Archival data are collected prior to a research study and may include various types of records.

Question 15

What is research, and how is it defined as a “systematic investigation”?

Answer 15

Research is a systematic investigation involving a planned approach that encompasses data collection, whether quantitative or qualitative, and data analysis to address a specific question or problem. It aims to contribute to generalizable knowledge.

Question 16

What is the purpose of a Literature Review in research?

Answer 16

The purpose of a Literature Review is to compile and analyze all previous research related to a specific topic. It forms the foundation of a research project by clarifying the research topic, brainstorming problem statements and research questions, and guiding the researcher toward relevant methods and theories.

Question 17

What are some examples of fields that involve systematic investigation?

Answer 17

Systematic investigations encompass various fields and methods, including but not limited to:

Surveys and Questionnaires
Interviews
Data observation, comparison, and analysis
Assessment and evaluation of social phenomena and educational programs
Cognitive and perceptual experiments, involving behavior observation, and analysis.

Question 18

What are the key purposes of conducting surveys in research?

Answer 18

Surveys are conducted in research for the following key purposes:

To collect data anonymously.
To provide participants with information about the study, including the researcher’s identity, the data to be collected, the estimated time required, and expected results.
To assure participants of data anonymity and minimal risk.

Question 19

What are the main types of interviews in research, and how do they differ?

Answer 19

There are two main types of interviews in research:

Casual interviews: Informal and short interviews that usually occur spontaneously.
Formal interviews: Arranged in advance with specific individuals and are more detailed in nature.

Question 20

When is consent required in observational research, and what are the conditions that necessitate consent?

Answer 20

In observational research, consent is typically required under the following conditions:

When the observation shifts from a public space to a private one (e.g., from a public park to a private residence).
When private or identifying information about specific individuals is collected during the observation.
When the observation poses risks to the participants.

Question 21

What are archival data in research, and what questions should be addressed when using them?

Answer 21

Archival data refers to data collected before the research study begins. When using archival data, researchers should address the following questions:

How was access to the data obtained?
What does the data consist of?
Can participants be linked to their data?
Feel free to use these questions and answers as flashcards for your lecture!