What is Puritanism ? Flashcards
How did H. L. Menchen defined puritanism as ?
“the haunting fear that someone, somewhere may be happy”
Which characters in Shakespeare’s plays contributed to the bad reputation of puritans ?
In Twelfth Night (1601), Malvolio VS Sir Toby Belch, “Dost thou think that because thou are virtuous, there shall be no more cakes and ale? (2;3.97-8)”.
Measure for Measure, (perf 1604), the Puritan deputy Angelo sentences a young man to death for fornication. Not only fanatic but hypocritical.
Who coined the expression “the hotter sort of protestants” to define puritans ?
Perceval Wilburn
When did religious tensions appear in England ?
With Henry VIII in 1534 by naming himself head of the Church, and creating anglicanism
Who did Henry VIII name archbishop in 1534 ?
Protestant Thomas Cranmer
What is the dissolution about ?
Cranmer clensed England of all of the pope’s authority
How can Henry VIII religious stance can be summed u pas ?
“Catholicism without the pope”
What was King Edward’s stance on religion ?
He promoted protestantism through Achb Cranmer
What did Cranmer do under Edward’s rule ?
Book of common prayer (1549 - moderate version, 1552- more protestant one) + destruction of religious imagery or whitewashing to prevent idolatry + chantries closed
What are the dates reign of Mary Tudor ?
1553-1558
Who did Mary Tudor replaced Thomas Cranmer with ?
Reginald Pole, executed Archb of C Cranmer
What did Mary Tudor do during her rule ?
burn “heretics” at stake
drove protestants into exile
abolishing the 1534 Act of supremacy
Return to Roman church
What are Elizabeth Tudor’s dates of reign ?
1558
What did Elizabeth Tudor restore during her reign ?
The act of Supremacy 1559
+ Act of uniformity 1559
What was the Act of Uniformity (1559) about ?
It mandated the use of the book of common prayer (1559) in all churches
When was the final version of the thirty-nine Articles of religion ratified ?
1571
When and what was the revolt of the Earls of Westmoreland and Northumberland ?
A catholic uprising in reaction to Elizabeth Tudor 1569
What were the two main poles regarding what is now called anglicanism during the elizabethan rule ?
Anglicans : were ok with the thirty-nine articles and being out of Roman church
Puritans : didn’t think the monarchy went far enough and wanted to modify the Thirty-Nine articles of religion
What useful definition of puritanism does Richard R. Greaves give ?
“The simplest contemporary model, which has enjoyed wide acceptance in modern times, regards Puritans as those Protestants who manifested dissatisfaction with the established Church, but stopped short of separating from it.” (454).
What was the reason of the vestarian controversy ?
that priests and ministers must wear the traditional surplice in Church according to the act of Uniformity of 1559. Puritans were against it because they considered it a vestige of popery.
How were called the priests who refused to wear the surplice ?
precisians (were very precise about following the scriptures)
What was the first entry in the Oxford Dictionary concerning puritans ?
Thomas Stapelton, a Catholic theologian, who wrote: “We know to weare in the church holy vestements, and to be apparailled priestlike semeth..absurde to the Puritans off our countre, to the zelous gospellers of Geneva”.
Who were the Puritans following ?
-mostly Genevan theologian John Calvin,
-some German priest Martin Luther and the Scottish minister John Knox (a Calvinist).
What were the key beliefs of Puritanism ?
- Justification (salvation) through faith alone, not good works like praying, fasting, or charity.
- Predestination: all men and women are sinners, but God in his goodness has saved some. You cannot buy your way to heaven.
- Eucharist : priests aren’t magicians, they don’t transform the body into bread and wine, it’s only the spiritual presence of the Christ, not a real one
- no kneeling, no music, no art
- sermons in plain English
- many were in favor of the presbytarian system
- prophecies : debates at the end of sermons
» Protestant tenants, but puritans were uncompromising
