1
Q
What is production?
A
is the process of taking raw materials and transforming them into useful goods and services.
2
Q
What are the raw materials used in the production process known as?
A
- Resources
- Factors of production
3
Q
What are the three stages in the production process?
A
- the primary stage,
- the secondary stage
- the tertiary stage.
4
Q
Explain the primary stage of the production process
A
The primary stage of production
- natural resources are taken from the earth.
- primary sector are businesses that are involved in the first stage of production.
- These businesses are sometimes called extractive industries because they often extract things, such as crops or metals, from the ground.
- The primary sector includes mining, fishing, forestry and farming.
5
Q
Explain the secondary stage of the production process
A
The secondary stage of production
- products are manufactured from the natural resources extracted in the primary stage. -Businesses in the secondary sector of the economy process the primary sector products and turn the natural resources into finished goods.
- Examples are flour mills, factories, sawmills and car manufacturing plants.
6
Q
Explain the tertiary stage of the production process
A
The tertiary stage of production
- is done by businesses that provide services rather than make goods.
- Some tertiary sector businesses buy goods from manufacturers and transport or resell the goods to customers. In other words, they offer services to manufacturers and customers.
- Other businesses in this sector offer services to individual people, such as healthcare, banking or transport.
- Examples of businesses in the tertiary sector include shops, transport companies, doctors and banks.
7
Q
What are the inputs to the production process
A
raw materials or resources
8
Q
What are the outputs to the production process
A
goods and services
9
Q
What are inputs also known as?
A
factors of production
10
Q
What are the four groups of factors of production (inputs)?
A
- natural resources (land)
- labour
- capital
- entrepreneurs.
11
Q
What are natural resources? give examples
A
- are the things provided by nature that people use to produce goods and services.
- Examples of natural resources are land, air, water, minerals, animals, plants and wind.
12
Q
What is labour? give examples
A
- Labour describes the people involved in the production process.
- Labour refers to the physical and mental effort that people provide to produce goods and services. The human part of any production process is classified as labour.
13
Q
What is capital? give examples
A
-Capital is the term used to describe all the man-made objects that are used in the production process. -Examples include buildings, machinery, equipment, furniture, vehicles and computers. Money is also considered to be a capital item. Any natural resources that have been processed are also considered to be capital.
14
Q
What are entrepreneurs? give examples
A
- Entrepreneurs are the people who start businesses.
- They are individuals who identify business opportunities, plan the production process and then produce the goods or services needed. -Entrepreneurs combine the other three factors of production to provide useful goods and services. -Entrepreneurs identify business opportunities and make them work.
15
Q
What are outputs?
A
-refer to the products that the business produces.
16
Q
Name the two types of outputs
A
- Goods: Goods are all the physical products that are made and sold by a business. We say that goods are tangible because they can be touched and owned.
- For example, a can of cooldrink is a good.
- Services: Services are all the non-tangible products that are produced and sold by businesses.
- For example, a haircut is a service.
17
Q
What is a renewable resource?
A
- is a natural resource
- with the ability to replace itself through some biological or natural process.
- can be replenished in time
18
Q
Give examples of renewable resources
A
- water
- oxygen
- timber
- fruit and vegetables
- meat from animals.
19
Q
Which renewable resources are there an endless supply of?
A
- solar energy
- wind energy
- geothermal pressure
20
Q
Which renewable resources need some time or effort to regenerate themselves?
A
- wood
- oxygen
- leather
- fish
21
Q
Are precious metals a renewable resource?
A
- Most precious metals are also considered renewable even though they are not naturally replaced.
- They can, however, be recycled because they are not destroyed during their extraction and use.
22
Q
What is a non-renewable resource?
A
-is a natural resource that cannot be replaced.
23
Q
Give examples of non-renewable resources?
A
- fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas
- minerals like copper.
24
Q
What does it mean if we say a non-renewable natural resource has been depleted?
A
it means that there is no more available for future needs.
25
What does Sustainability mean?
-the process of using resources in such a way that we do not deplete them
-
26
What does Sustainable use of resources mean?
our rate of using the resource can continue forever without damaging the environment
27
Name some strategies we can implement to ensure that we make sustainable use of resources
the 3 R's
- Reuse resources
- Reduce use of resources
- Recycle
28
Explain how we can Reuse resources?
- Instead of throwing something away as waste you can try to find another way to use it.
- For example, reuse plastic containers instead of throwing them away.
29
Explain how we can Reduce use of resources?
- One way to make resources last is to use them less often.
- For example, it is sometimes possible to use less water when we are cleaning something. By saving water we reduce our usage and make the supply of water last longer. -Sometimes, it is possible to reduce our use of a scarce or non-renewable resource by replacing it with a resource that is more abundant or renewable.
- An example is when we use wind power or solar power instead of electricity generated by coal.
30
Explain how we can Recycle resources?
- Recycling refers to the process of putting some waste product (like waste paper and plastic) through a process that transforms it into another kind of reusable form.
- Water is an example of a resource that can be recycled.
31
What is economic growth?
- When a country’s economy grows and becomes bigger
| - an increase in the level of economic output over time
32
What does it mean if you say a country has shown economic growth?
- we mean that the country’s economy has become bigger.
| - the country has produced more goods and services than it did in the previous year
33
By what percentage does South Africa's economy grow every year?
3%
34
What does it mean if we say South Africa’s economy grows at an average rate of approximately 3% per year
This means that the value of goods and services produced increases by 3% from one year to the next.
35
What strategies can be used to stimulate economic growth in South Africa?
- Promoting entrepreneurship and encouraging new small businesses.
- Encouraging existing businesses to expand and increase their production.
- Improving the level of productivity to produce more goods and services.
- Modifying production techniques to make them more effective so that output increases.
- Ensuring better management of resources so that we gain maximum use from them.
- Improving business management practices so that companies become more efficient and productive.
- Encouraging investors from other countries to invest money in local businesses or to start businesses in South Africa.
36
What are the results of economic growth?
- There are more goods and services for consumers to choose from which means there is more variety and more items for them to purchase.
- Employment levels rise and unemployment levels drop. This reduces poverty.
- The level of income increases because people profit from the sale of more goods.
- The average standard of living improves because more people have jobs and more money is being circulated in the economy.
37
What does Productivity mean?
refers to how efficiently resources are being used to generate products and services
38
What does increasing productivity mean?
- process of improving the use of resources
- to get more out of them so that more goods and services can be produced
- to increase profits
39
What are some strategies that can be used to improve productivity
-Improving the motivation and morale of workers.
-Involving employees in decision-making about the production process.
-Making more economical use of all resources (recycling, reusing and reducing).
-Improving the level of skill and expertise of all workers so that they can do their jobs more efficiently.
-Improving the method of production (by using newer technology or rearranging the production process to make it more efficient).
-Using incentives to reward employees who make significant contributions to the business.
Making use of leadership and management skills to monitor and control the actions of employees.
40
What are the results of improving productivity?
- more goods and services are produced
- entrepreneurs make more profits
- this will contribute to increase in economic growth in the country
41
Name factors that can have a negative effect on the productivity of labour?
- ill health
- lack of education and training
- poor motivation
- absenteeism
- strikes and industrial action.
42
How does the government try and increase labour productivity?
- ensuring that workers are well educated and well trained
- taking steps to improve the health status of workers
- taking steps to ensure that workers are well motivated
- making laws which compel employees to go to work except when they are sick.
43
How does the government try and increase the productivity of natural resources (land)
- educating people about the sustainable use of resources
- passing laws which prevent the exploitation of natural resources
- encouraging people to use natural resources responsibly.
44
What is technology
any machinery, equipment or tools developed with scientific knowledge
45
Give examples of technology
- computers,
- smart phones,
- electronic gadgets
- machinery
46
What are advantages of using technology in the production process?
- machinery can be designed to do the work of people more efficiently and more effectively
- improves the productivity of the other factors of production
47
What are disadvantages of using technology in the production process?
- Costly to purchase.
- Loss of jobs.
- Expensive to maintain.
48
How does technology contribute to improving productivity and economic growth?
- it enables humans to do things faster and better
| - it improves efficiency and effectiveness.
49
Advantages of using technology to improving productivity and economic growth
- lead to an increase in productivity, which leads to more goods and services
- increase in output which gives rise to economic growth
50
Disadvantages of using technology to improving productivity and economic growth
- lead to increased levels of unemployment when people are replaced by machines
- can to be distracted from their work or when they have to learn new systems and new production processes
Ems Grade 7 exams
flashcards
Decks in class (7)
# Cards
