What is Population Oral Health?? Flashcards
Traditional Public Health Model
How are we involved in the patient’s health?
- Examination
- Diagnosis/Prognosis
- Treatment Planning
- Treatment
- Payment for service
- Evaluation
Definition
1) Public Health
2) Population Health
1) Public Health
The art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting physical and mental efficiency through organised community effort. - Winslow, CE 1920.
2) Population Health
An approach to health that aims to improve the health of the entire population and reduce health inequities among population groups…it looks at and acts upon the broad range of factor and conditions that influence health - Public Health Agency of Canada 2006.
Traditional Public Health Model
How is the community involved in the patient’s health?
- Survey and analysis
- Program planning
- Program operation
- Finance (providing funds and facilities)
- Appraisal
Determinants of Health
Note slide 5 of 2. What is Population Oral Health
- Income and social status
- Social support networks
- Education
- Employment and working conditions
- Social environments
- Physical environments
- Personal health practices and coping skills
- Health child development
- Biology and genetic endowment
- Health services
- Gender
- Culture
Key Actions within a Population Approach
- Focus on health of specific populations (e.g. low income, aged etc)
- Invest upstream (government factors that influence education,
policies on health and income, transport and housing, etc) - Base decisions on evidence
- Apply multiple strategies to act on the determinants of health
- Collaborate across levels and sectors
- Employ mechanisms to engage citizens (e.g. charity events)
- Increase accountability for health outcomes (e.g. ensure we know
what is affecting health)
Principles Underpinning Public and Population Health
WHO strategy - Health for ALL, 2000
1) Declaration of Alma Ata
2) Ottawa Charter
1) Declaration of Alma Ata (1978)
- Equitable distribution
- Community participation
- Focus on prevention
- Appropriate technology
- Multisectorial approach
2) Ottawa Charter (1986)
- Building healthy public policies
- Creating supportive environments
- Strengthening community action
- Develop coping skills
- Reorient health services
Framework for Building Capacity in Oral Health
- NSW Department of Health 2001
1) What are the key areas of strategic development?
2) What are the dimensions of capacity building?
1) Key areas of strategic development include:
- Organization development
- Workforce development
- Resource allocation
- Partnerships
- Leaderships
2) Dimensions of capacity building
- Infrastructure development
- Program sustainability
- Enhanced problem solving
Framework for Building Capacity in Oral Health
- NSW Department of Health 2001
3) Principles of capacity building which may be on an individual, group
or population level?
3)
Respect and value existing for existing capacities
- We must identify and recognise existing skills, structures,
partnerships and resources.
Develop trust
- Two values underpinning the ability to develop and maintain capaity
building are trust and respect. Lack of either can lead to failure.
Be responsive to context
- Programs/interventions do not exist in isolation. This meaning that
we cannot expect for a program to become active without assessing
the physical, economical and environmental constraints of the
program and intervention. E.g. Is it too expensive? Is the program
limited geographically?
Avoid pre-packaged ideas and strategies
- Capacity building is an approach, there is no single way to build
capacity and relations are always subject to change.
Develop well-planned and integrated strategies
- Capacity building needs to work on number of levels (individual,
group, organization) using combination of strategies from action
areas within organizations, workforce, partnerships and etc.
Framework for Building Capacity in Oral Health
- NSW Department of Health 2001
1) What are the key areas of strategic development? Prowl
2) What do they include?
Partnerships
- Shared goal
- Relationships
- Planning
- Implementation
- Evaluation
- Sustained outcomes
Framework for Building Capacity in Oral Health
- NSW Department of Health 2001
1) What are the key areas of strategic development? pRowl
2) What do they include?
Resource Allocation - Financial resources - Human resources - Physical resources - Decision making tools and models - Access to information - Specialist advice -
Framework for Building Capacity in Oral Health
- NSW Department of Health 2001
1) What are the key areas of strategic development? prOwl
2) What do they include?
Organisational Development
- Policies and procedures
- Strategic directions
- Management support
- Recognition and reward system
- Information system
Framework for Building Capacity in Oral Health
- NSW Department of Health 2001
1) What are the key areas of strategic development? proWl
2) What do they include?
Workforce Development
- Workforce learning
- External courses
- Professional development opportunities
- Undergraduate and postgraduate degrees
- Professional support and supervision
- Performance management systems
Framework for Building Capacity in Oral Health
- NSW Department of Health 2001
1) What are the key areas of strategic development? prowL
2) What do they include?
Leadership
- Interpersonal skills
- Technical skills
- Personal qualities
- Strategic visioning and visioning for the future
- Organisational development
- Systems thinking
Framework for Building Capacity in Oral Health
- NSW Department of Health 2001
1) What building capacity?
2) What is action area?
1) Building capacity; is the steps taken to achieve a goal
2) Action area; are the relevant areas of a group, organisation,
partnership and etc that take action to achieve the goal. It is an
effort to combine knowledge, collaborations and people to achieve
the goal.
Priority Action Areas for Global Oral Health
1) What is the priority action for oral health and fluorides?
2) What is the priority action for oral health systems?
1) Water fluoridation and fluoride toothpaste to be integrated into
all society.
2) Objective of these changes are to primarily to reduce inequities in
access, promote universal coverage and to improve efficiency of
health system.
