What Is Life Made Of? Flashcards
What is a TATA box, and what is its role in transcription?
A promoter is an upstream piece of DNA, which identifies as a functional Gina to be transcribed and helps the transition machinery London transcribe it. It’s like a book cover in our identifies the gene start or landing pad for a helicopter since it shows where to go.
What enables RNA polymerase to start transcribing a gene at the right place on the DNA in a bacterial cell? In a eukaryotic cell?
The promoter is the key in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Are those photos share many similar or identical features which RNA polymerise recognises.
Given that there are about 200,000 human protein coding genes, how many human cells make 75,000- 200,000 different proteins?
More than one protein can come from a gene via alternatives, placing in which not all of the axons in a eukaryotic, gene orange juice in the final mRNA, which is translated.
Compare RNA splicing to how you would watch a pre-recorded television show. What would introns correspond to in this analogy?
The show is like exons (what you really after) and the commercials are like introns.
What two processes ensure that the correct amino acid is added to a growing polypeptide chain?
- The addition of an amino acid to the right tRNA, for which there is a specific enzyme for each of the 61 codons, which are assigned to amino acids.
- The tRNA anticodon only base pairs with the correct codon in the mRNA being translated.
What happens when one nuclide pair is lost from the middle of the coding sequence of a gene?
The loss of a nuclide pair is a frameshift mutation, which will totally change the encoded protein sequence, and probably induce a stop codon truncating the protein protein will almost certainly be lost.
What’s might happen during the replication of DNA if topoisomerase is inhibited?
As the replication fork progresses, unwinding of the double strand create over winding ahead of the Fork. Topoisomerase removes the torsion by cutting a DNA unwinding the strands in the ceiling. The gap of topoisomerase inhibited torsion will build and eventually stop fork progression.
How do you immortal sales cope with the shortening of telomeres to be able to divide indefinitely?
These cells expressed enzyme telomerase, which catalyses lengthening of telomeres
What is the relationship between DNA replication and the S phase of the cell cycle?
In the cell cycle is DNA synthesises a current of the S shape between the G1 and G2 phase of interphase. DNA replication is therefore complete before the mitotic phase begins.
If the DNA pol 1 in a given cell or a non-functional, how would that affect the synthesis of the leading strand?
Synthesis of the leading strand is initiated by RNA primer which must be removed and replaced with DNA attached. That could not be performed if the cells DNA pol 1 where non-functional.
A function of DNA pol 1 would replace the RNA primer of the leading strand with DNA. Nucleotides the nucleotides would be added on the three prime end of the first fragment of the upper lagging strand.
Describe the structure of a nuclear zoom, the basic unit of DNA packaging and eukaryotic cells?
Can you cancel is made up of eight Histon proteins to each of the four different types around which DNA as well, and linker DNA runs from one new clothes on to the next
Compare cytokinesis in an animal to a plant cell
Following mitosis cytokinesis results into genetically identical daughter cells in both plant cells and animal cells. However, the mechanism of dividing the cytoplasm is different.
An animal and plant cells and animal cytokinesis occurs by cleavage which divides the parent cell in two.
In a plant cell cell platforms in the middle of us, the sale and grows until its membrane fuses with the plasma membrane of the parent cell and you sell world cruise inside the cell plate and thus eventually between the two new cells .
Interphase chromosomes appear to be attached to the nuclear laminar and perhaps also to the new killer matrix describe these two structures
The nuclear laminar is a neck like a ray of protein filaments that provides mechanical support just inside the nuclear envelope that maintains the shape of the nucleus
During which stage of the cell cycle does each of the sister chromatids become an independent chromosomes?
During anaphase.
When the cohesion proteins are in the sister, chromatids together are cleaved.
Compare the rules of tubulin, an acting during eukaryotic cell division with the rules of cheaper, then like an acting like proteins during bacterial binary fission?
During eukaryotic cell division, tubulin is involved in spindle formation in chromosome movement or acting functions during cytokinesis. In the bacterial binary fission its opposite. Acting like molecules are thought to move. The daughter bacterial chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell and tubulin like molecules are thought to act in dorsal separation
