What is Governance?

Question 1

What is Governance ?

Answer 1

Governance is a process of decision making and the process throught which decisons are implemented.

A process
An institution
A mechanism

for decison making + policy & programme implementation

According to World Bank :

“It is the method through which power is exercised in the management of a country’s political, economic and social resources for development”

Question 2

Key Components of Governance by OECD?

Answer 2

1. Respect for human rights and rule of law
2. Accountability of Political and Official Elements
3. Legitimacy of the Government
4. Competence of Governments

Question 3

Elements of Governance?

Answer 3

1. Exercise of Power and Authority

• govt. selection
• govt. accountability
• govt. monitoring
• govt. replacement
• how policies are formulated and enacted

2. Government’s ability and capacity to effectively fulful its mandate

• ability to serve citizens
• management of resources
• speedy justice, education, health, etc.

Question 4

What did the National Human Development Report 2001 say about governance?

Answer 4

governance = interplay of 3 elements

1. institutions
2. the delivery mechanism
3. supportive + subordinate framework of legislations, rules and procedures

Question 5

Stakeholders of Governance?

Answer 5

1. State
   - executive
   - judiciary
   - legislative
   - bureaucracy

to create favorable political, legal and economic environment

2. Market
   - private sector
   - business forms
   - corporate houses
   - smalls cale industries

to create opportunities for people

3. Civil Society
   - NGOs
   - Social Media
   - Religious Organizations
   - Voluntary Organizations
   - Trade Unions
   - Pressure Groups

to mobilize poeple participation

Question 6

Dimensions of Governance in India ?

Answer 6

PESDAL

Political
Economic
Social
Diplomatic
Administrative
Legal & Judicial

Question 7

Issues Related to Governance ?

Answer 7

Political
- criminalization of politics
- authority misuse
- more in letter and less in spirit

Legal and Judicial
- delayed jsutice
- under trial cases - huge numbers
- lack of accountabolity

Administrative
- lack of sensitivity
- bureaucratic delays
- red tapism
- resistance to change
- corruption

Economic
- poor management of economy
- persisting fiscal imbalances
- regional disparities

Social and Environmental
- denial of basic services
-marginalization + exclusion of people based on caste, religion, etc.
- deterioration of physical environment - urban areas