What is Geology?

Question 1

What is Geology?

Answer 1

a. study of earth materials.
b. study of earth processes (past/present;above and below ground)
c. study of earth’s history.

Question 2

Uses of geology by the engineer( translate and prodict)

Answer 2

a. construction:
b. development of natural resources
c. water resources

Question 3

construction

Answer 3

1. area of constraint that affect desigh and maintence.
2. risks- will structure survive?
3. Location of a site
4. economics - increase or decrease costs
   5 forecast future events: Geohazards and recurrence intervals. ( very importland -can’tbe wrong)

Question 4

Development of natural resources

Answer 4

1. mining extaction.
2. Petroleum extaction.
3. water resources-development and protection.

Question 5

Geologic time

Answer 5

absolute time - Radiometric dating
relative time - event sequences
geologic time scale:

Question 6

Geologic time scale

Answer 6

1. Cenozoic: 0 -65 mya - Mammals
2. Mesozoic: 65-225 mya - Dinos
3. Paleozioc: 225-570 mya - inverts
4. Precambrian: 570 mya - 5 bya- little or no life

Question 7

Dynamic earth

Answer 7

a. parts of the earth
b. plates: surface is moving
c. plate boundaries: where quakes and volcanos.

Question 8

Parts of the earth

Answer 8

1. upper 3 to 7 km
2. mantle 70 km to…
   3 outer core ( liquid)
3. inter core ( solid)

Question 9

Plates: surface is moving

Answer 9

1. lithosphere: 0-100 km thick plates
2. Asthenosphere - plastic layer in mantle that the plates move on
3. Pangaea - supercontinent that broke up 200 mya

Question 10

plate boundaries: where quakes and volcanos

Answer 10

1. spreading centers: ridges and rift valleys - where crust created
2. convergent margins - trenches
   where crust destroyed: subduction. ( if two continents, uplift)
3. transform margin: plates pass by one another: san andreas fault.

Question 11

minerals

Answer 11

a. naturally accurring, inorganic cristalline compounds or element.
b. identification: chemical and physical
characteristics; ( use mainly physical ones like hardness, color, fracture, streak, etc)
c. silicate minerals - 95% of minerals; rock forming; basid on arrangement of silica
( tetrahedra SI and O)
d. non - silicate minerals; 5%