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Geography Unit 1 > What Is Geography? > Flashcards

What Is Geography? Flashcards

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1
Q

Geography

A

The study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on earth; Greek word first used by the scholar Eratosthenes; geo=earth, graphy=to write

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2
Q

Two basic questions of geography

A

Where? Why there?

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3
Q

Divisions of geography

A

Physical and human

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4
Q

Physical geography

A

Rocks and minerals, landforms, soils, animals, plants, water, atmosphere, water bodies, environment, climate and weather

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5
Q

Human geography

A

Population, settlements, economic activities, transportation, recreational activities, religion, political systems, social traditions, human migration, and agricultural systems

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6
Q

Five themes of geography

A

Place, region, interaction, location, and movement

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7
Q

Place

A

Human features, physical features; characteristics that uniquely define a place and impart meaning to its inhabitants

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8
Q

Human-environmental interaction

A

People adapt to and change the environment; how the environment has determined how people live and how people have changed the environment

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9
Q

Location

A

Latitude and longitude, relative location

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10
Q

Movement

A

Movement of information, ideas, goods, and people; connects people and regions

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11
Q

Four ways to identify location

A

Place name (toponym), mathematical location (absolute location), site (absolute location), and situation (relative location)

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12
Q

Perception of place

A

Toponym, situation

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13
Q

Townships

A

Land ordinance of 1785

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14
Q

Types of movement

A

Cyclical and migratory

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15
Q

Region

A

The cultural landscape; regional studies approach; each region has its own distinctive landscape that results from unique social relationships and physical processes

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16
Q

Types of regions

A

Formal, functional, perceptual

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17
Q

Formal region

A

Everyone shares one or more distinctive characteristic

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18
Q

Functional region

A

Area organized around a focal point

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19
Q

Perceptual region

A

Exists as a part of cultural identity (the south)

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20
Q

Spatial association

A

Tries to explain why regions express distinctive features

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21
Q

Purpose of regions

A

Comparison

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22
Q

Cultural ecology

A

The study of human-environment relationships

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23
Q

Environmental determinism

A

How the environment causes social development

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24
Q

Possiblism

A

The physical environment may limit some human activities, but we can adapt

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25
Q

Four processes to understand the distribution of human activities

A

Climate, vegetation (biospheres=forests, grasslands, savannas, and deserts), soil (erosion, nutrients, soil depletion, etc), and landforms

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26
Q

Spatial distribution

A

The regular arrangement of a phenomenon across earth’s surface

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27
Q

Properties of spatial distribution

A

Density, concentration, and pattern

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28
Q

Density

A

The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area

29
Q

Arithmetic density

A

Total number of people over total land area

30
Q

Physiological density

A

Number of people per unit of arable land

31
Q

Agricultural density

A

Number of farmers to the total amount of arable land

32
Q

Concentration

A

The spread of something over a given study area;can either be clustered or dispersed; same land area, same number of objects

33
Q

Pattern

A

The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area; usually a square or rectangle

34
Q

Diffusion

A

Two types; relocation and expansion

35
Q

Hearth

A

Where an innovation originates

36
Q

Relocation diffusion

A

Spread through the physical movement of people

37
Q

Expansion diffusion

A

The spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process; hierarchal (spreads from a person of power), contagious (rapid, widespread), stimulus (spread of an underlying principle)

38
Q

Distance decay

A

The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin

39
Q

Spatial interaction

A

Movement of people, goods, and ideas within and among regions

40
Q

Uneven development

A

The increasing gap in economic conditions between regions in the core and periphery that results from globalization of the economy

41
Q

Core

A

USA, Europe, and Japan; wealthy, powerful, control media and finance, technologically advanced

42
Q

Periphery

A

Less developed, poor, dependent on core countries for education, technology, media, and military equipment

43
Q

Globalization

A

The increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, political and cultural change. Cultural, economic, and environmental effects of globalization are highly contested

44
Q

Space

A

The physical gap between objects

44
Q

Connections

A

Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space

45
Q

Economic globalization

A

Goods and services; imports and exports as a portion of a nation’s income

46
Q

Cultural globalization

A

Must have common form of communication; local vs. global culture

47
Q

Maps

A

2d representations of the earth’s surface; most important geographic tool; used as reference tool or communications tool; they have authors, biases, and they can lie

48
Q

Grid system

A

Includes poles, latitude, and longitude

49
Q

Latitude

A

Parallels; angular distance north or south from equator; measured from 0 degrees to 90 degrees; each degree is 111km (69mi)

50
Q

Longitude

A

Meridians; east to west; time depends on it; each time zone is 15 degrees longitude

51
Q

Equator

A

0 degrees latitude

52
Q

Prime meridian

A

0 degrees longitude; runs through Greenwich, England

54
Q

International dateline

A

180 degrees longitude; 24 hours forward going west, back going east

55
Q

Transferring a globe onto a flat surface always…

A

Causes distortions

56
Q

Properties of distortion

A

Area (larger or smaller), shape (longer or more squat), distance (increased or decreased), and direction (changed)

57
Q

Conic map

A

Projected as a cone; shows shape accurately, but distorts places far east or west

58
Q

Cylindrical

A

Projected as a cylinder; whole earth on one map

59
Q

Mercator

A

Elongated poles and squat around equator

60
Q

Goode’s interrupted

A

Cuts off some of the ocean; accurate land masses but incorrect distances

61
Q

Robinson

A

Accurate size and shape but flat poles

62
Q

Planar map

A

Azimuthal; show a flat surface; shows the shortest distance between two places; distance is accurate but size and shape are distorted

63
Q

Scale

A

Ratio between something on a map to something on earth

64
Q

Ways to represent scale

A

Verbally, graphically, and/or as a fraction

65
Q

The larger the scale…

A

The less detail there is

66
Q

The smaller the scale…

A

The more detail there is

67
Q

Topographic map

A

Surface area in high detail, physical and human features

68
Q

Thematic maps

A

Point symbols (dot density, proportional circles), area symbols (different colors or patterns, cartograms), and line symbols (non-quantitive {roads}, quantitive {isolines}, and flow line maps)

69
Q

Geotechnology

A

Remote sensing, GPS, and GIS

Geography Unit 1 (1 decks)

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