what is evolution Flashcards
What was the quote given by Theodosius Dobzhansky 1973
Nothing in biology makes sense except int he light of evolution
what is a typological view of nature
the idea that individual variation is the imperfect manifestation of ethos
what did Plato 427-347BC believe
he believed in two worlds, the real (ideal and eternal) and the illusionary (imperfect and seen through the senses)
what did Aristotle 384-322BC believe
that all living organisms could be arranged in a scale of nature or great chain of being
what did Al-Beruni 973-1048 believe
that man migrated through kingdoms of minerals, plants and animals in order to reach perfection and therefore contains within themselves the nature of the creatures in other realms
What did Al-Jahiz 776-868 believe
organisms developed new traits to survive in their environments and that animals evolved with the help of god and that god wanted to keep nature in order
Who established the modern system of taxonomy in an attempt to discover order in the diversity of life
Carolus Linnaeus
how did Lamarck first articulate the theory of evolution
1) organisms continually arise by spontaneous generation (wrong)
2) nervous fluid acts to move species up the great chain of being (wrong)
3) organisms develop adaptations to enviro through use and disuse of organs (wrong)
4) adaptations are inherited (right)
define evolution
Descent with modification
- occurs when there is a change in gene frequency within a population over time
what is artificial selection
an example of evolution in which farmers or breeders allow only plants and animals with desirable characteristics to reproduce causing evolution of farm stock
what are the four mechanisms of change
1) mutation
2) migration
3) genetic drift
4) natural selection
what mechanisms of change can not occur without genetic variation
1) genetic drift
2) natural selection
outline Darwin’s idea of evolution by natural selection
1) there is variation in traits
2) there is differential reproduction
3) there is heredity
4) end results ie all the pop changes
what is meant by differential reproduction
phenotypes which die cant reproduce therefore only leaving the surviving phenotype to reproduce and pass on the genotype
how can the definition of evolution make sense of the world
1) how diversity of organisms occurred
2) why some species are extinct
3) explanation of exaggerated phenotypes e.g. peacock
4) why we see complex social behaviour and cooperation in animal societies
