WHAT IS COMPUTER Flashcards
1
Q
is an input device used to enter text, numbers, and commands into a computer or other digital devices.
A
computer keyboard
2
Q
keyboard consists of a set of keys, including
A
letters, numbers, symbols, and function keys,
2
Q
- The computer keyboard has its roots in the ??
A
typewriter
3
Q
when was the keyboard invented?
A
19th century
4
Q
the most familiar keyboard layout?
A
QWERTY
5
Q
who designed the QWERTY layout?
A
Christopher Latham Sholes in 1873
6
Q
TYPES OF KEYBOARDS
A
- STANDARD
- MECHANICAL
- MEMBRANE
- WIRELESS
- ERGONOMIC
- COMPACT
- GAMING
- VIRTUAL
6
Q
: This is the most common type, usually found with desktop computers. It has all the basic keys, including letters, numbers, function keys, and special keys like Enter, Spacebar, and Shift.
A
Standard Keyboard
7
Q
: These keyboards have individual mechanical switches under each key, providing a tactile feel and a “clicky” sound when typing.
A
Mechanical Keyboard
7
Q
they are known for their durability and are popular among gamers and heavy typists.
A
Mechanical Keyboard
8
Q
They are often more affordable and are commonly used in offices and home
A
Membrane Keyboard
8
Q
: have a softer feel and are quieter because they use a rubber dome under each key instead of a mechanical switch.s.
A
Membrane Keyboard
9
Q
connect to the computer without a cable, using Bluetooth or a wireless USB receiver. They offer more flexibility and reduce clutter on the desk.
A
Wireless Keyboard
10
Q
: are designed to reduce strain and discomfort. They often have a split or curved design that helps keep the hands, wrists, and arms in a more natural position.
A
Ergonomic Keyboard
11
Q
They are ideal for people who type for long periods.
A
Ergonomic Keyboard
12
Q
: These keyboards are smaller and often do not have a numeric keypad, making them more portable and ideal for use with laptops or in small spaces
A
Compact Keyboard
13
Q
Designed specifically for gaming, these keyboards have additional features like customizable backlighting, extra programmable keys, and faster response times to enhance gaming performance.
A
Gaming Keyboard:
14
Q
: Found on touchscreen devices like smartphones and tablets, virtual keyboards appear on the screen.
A
Virtual Keyboard
15
Q
They are operated by tapping on the virtual keys with fingers or a stylus.
A
Virtual Keyboard
16
Q
refer to the arrangement of keys on a keyboard, which can vary based on language, region, and specific use cases.
A
Keyboard layouts
17
Q
Types Of Keyboard Layouts
A
- QWERT
2.AZERTY - DVORAK
- COLEMAK
18
Q
: This is the standard layout in most English-speaking countries
A
QWERTY Layout
19
Q
. It was originally designed for typewriters and remains the most popular layout today.
A
20
Q
: This is a layout used in French-speaking countries. The arrangement of keys is slightly different from QWERTY to accommodate French characters and accents.
A
AZERTY Layout
21
was designed to increase typing speed and reduce finger movement
DVORAK Layout
22
. It places the most commonly used keys in the middle row, where fingers naturally rest.
DVORAK Layout
23
: This layout is similar to QWERTY but places more emphasis on reducing finger movement, making it an alternative for people looking for a comfortable typing experience.
Colemak Layout
24
Keyboard Connections
1. WIRED
2. WIRELESS
3. BLUETOOTH
25
: This is the traditional connection method where the keyboard connects to the computer through a USB or PS/2 cable. It provides a reliable connection without the need for batteries.
Wired Connection
26
: using Bluetooth or a USB receiver. They offer more flexibility and freedom of movement but require batteries or charging.
Wireless Connection
27
s They are commonly used with mobile devices and laptops and are ideal for portable setups
Bluetooth Connection
28
8 Key Components of a Keyboard
1. ALPHABET KEYS
2. NUMBER KEYS
3. FUNCTION KEYS
4. CONTROL KEYS
5. ARROW KEYS
6. SPECIAL KEYS
7. NAVIGATION KEYS
8. NUMERIC KEYPAD
29
: These are the main keys with letters (A-Z) used for typing words and sentences.
Alphabet Keys
30
: Located above the alphabet keys, these keys have numbers (0-9) for typing numbers and symbols like @, #, and $
Number Keys
31
These are the keys labeled F1 to F12 at the top of the keyboard.
Function Keys:
32
They perform special functions, like refreshing a page or opening help menus
Function Keys:
33
: Keys like Ctrl, Alt, and Shift are used with other keys to perform shortcuts, such as copying (Ctrl+C) or pasting (Ctrl+V).
CONTROL KEYS
34
These four keys (up, down, left, right) are used to move the cursor on the screen in the corresponding direction.
Arrow Keys:
35
: Include keys like Enter (starts a new line or confirms a command), Spacebar (adds spaces between words), and Backspace (deletes the character before the cursor).
Special Keys
36
(starts a new line or confirms a command),
Enter
37
(adds spaces between words),
Spacebar
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(deletes the character before the cursor).
Backspace
39
These keys, like Home, End, Page Up, and Page Down, help move around documents and web pages quickly.
Navigation Keys:
40
: Found on the right side of some keyboards, it looks like a mini calculator and is used for entering numbers quickly.
Numeric Keypad
41
- is an internal circuitry, detects this signal and determines which key was pressed based on its location.
Microcontroller
42
sent signal to the computer processor, which then figures out which key was pressed.
Microcontroller
43
interprets this signal and displays the corresponding character on the screen, or performs a specific action, like opening a program or copying text.
computer’s software
44
Uses of a Keyboard
1. TYPING TEXT
2. GAMING
3. SHORTCUT COMMANDS
4. NAVIGATING
5. DATA ENTRY
6. PROGRAMMING
7. WEB BROWSING
8. DESIGN AND ART
45
home row are called the
bottom row keys,
46
WHAT IS above the home row keys are the
top row keys.
47
OTHER TYPES OF KEYBOARD
* AT keyboard
* Backlit keyboard
* Butterfly keyboard
* Chiclet keyboard
* Chorded keyboard
* Enhanced keyboard
* Ergonomic keyboard
* Split keyboard
* Thumb keyboard
* Virtual keyboard
48
CLI MEANS
Command-Line Interface
49
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NORMAL KEYBOARD TO APPLE KEYBOARD?
Command and Option
50
are those keys that allow the user to control music on their computer keyboard.
- Multimedia keys
51
- The three keys that appear twice on Apple keyboards are the
Command keys, Control keys, and Shift keys.
52
For Apple keyboards with a numeric keypad, there are
seventeen duplicate keys.
53
- is any computer keyboard that exists in the real world (hardware). (ex. desktop and computer)
physical keyboard
54
is a keyboard that exists in software. (ex. smartphone and tablets)
virtual keyboard
55
- A computer is an electronic device that can??? according to a set of instructions
store, manipulate, and process data
56
COMPUTER MEANS?
-Common Operating Machine Purposely Used for Technological and Educational Research.”
57
THE TERM COMPUTER DERIVED FROM THE WHAT WORD???
LATIN WORD COMPUTARE MEANS TO CALCULATE
58
10 Different Definitions of a Computer
1. ELECTRONIC DEVICE
2. DATA PROCESSOR
3. INFORMATION
4. DIGITAL DEVICE
5. UNIVERSAL MACHINE
6. COMMUNICATION TOOL
7. PROBLEM SOLVER
8. MULTIFUNCTIONAL DEVICE
9. INFORMATION PROCESSOR
10. AUTOMATION TOOL
59
is the power of a computer as it can perform more than ONE task at a time and that too with perfection.
Multi-functionality
60
COMPUTER IS ALSO KNOWN AS
UNIVERSAL MACHINE
61
Features of Computer
1. processing power
2. storgae capacity
3. memory (ram)
4. input devices
5. output data
6. upgradability
7. portability
8. user interface
9. secuirty features
10. power management
61
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER
1. Saves Time
2. Internet
3. Storage
4. Entertainment
5. Organized data
6. Helps the physically cahnged
62
Computers can execute instructions and perform calculations quickly.
Processing Power:
63
: They can store vast amounts of data, from documents to multimedia files.
Storage Capacity
64
): Temporary storage used for actively running programs and processes.
Memory (RAM
65
Keyboards, mouse, and other peripherals allow users to input data.
Input Devices:
66
: Monitors, printers, and speakers display or produce results.
Output Data
67
: Components like RAM, storage, and graphics cards can be upgraded.
.
Upgradability
68
: Laptops and tablets offer mobility compared to desktop computers.
Portability
69
: Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) or command-line interfaces for interaction
User Interface
70
: Passwords, firewalls, and antivirus tools protect against unauthorized access.
Security Features
71
: Features to optimize energy consumption
Power Management
72
- The history of computers can be traced back to the??
ancient Greeks,
73
ancient greeks used the ??? to perform simple calculations.
abacus
74
invented the mechanical calculator in 17th century which could perform more complex calculations.
Blaise Pascal
75
designed the Analytical Engine in 19th cent
Charles Babbage
76
is the first general-purpose computer.
Analytical Engine,
77
Different Types of Computers Based on Its Size
1. micro computers
2. mini computers
3. mainframe computers
4. supercomputer
5. workstations
78
- are small, affordable computers for personal use. Examples include desktops and laptops. They handle everyday tasks like browsing, word processing, and entertainment.
Micro Computers
79
- are mainly single-user computers and have comparatively lesser storage and speed than other computers.
Micro Computers
80
- The first microcomputer was built with??? chips as these computers use microprocessors as CPU.
8-bit microprocessor
81
- are mid-sized computers or mid-range computers more powerful than personal computers but smaller than mainframes.
Mini-computers
82
are not designed for single users and it is a powerful computers used by large organizations for critical applications and data processing
Mainframe Computers-
82
They handle complex tasks for businesses and institutions, offering moderate processing capabilities.
Mini-computers
83
are fastest type high-performance machines used for complex calculations, simulations, and scientific research.
Supercomputer-
84
- are advanced computers used for graphics, engineering, and scientific applications.
workstations
85
Different Types of Computers Based on Data Handling Capacity
1. Analog Comp
2. Digital Comp
3. Hybrid Comp
86
- use continuous physical quantities to represent data and perform calculations
Analog Computers
87
are used at places where we have approximate values e.g., speed, temperature, pressure, etc.
Analog computers
88
- process information using discrete elements (bits) represented as 0s and 1s. They perform calculations through logical operations, enabling versatile tasks and precise results.
Digital Computers
89
- combine features of both analog and digital computers. .
Hybrid Computers
90
They use analog for continuous data and digital for precise calculations, offering versatility across various applications
Hybrid Computers
91
two main components of comp
hardware and software.
92
Different Components of a Computer
1. CPU or (Central Processing Unit)
2. Computer Memory-
3. Arithmetic Logic Unit
4. Input Devices of Computer
5. Output Devices of Computer
6. Motherboard
93
is the brain of a computer, executing instructions and performing calculations to run software and process data for overall system functionality.
CPU or (Central Processing Unit)-
94
stores data for the computer to use. RAM (Random Access Memory) is for temporary storage, and storage devices like hard drives store data permanently.
Computer Memory-
94
provides fast but volatile storage.
- Random Access Memory (RAM)
95
offers non-volatile, long-term storage for programs and files.
Solid-State Drive (SSD)
96
- key component of a computer’s central processor unit. A computer performs mathematical and logical operations, like addition and comparison, enabling the CPU to execute tasks and make decisions.
Arithmetic Logic Unit
97
enable users to interact with the computer. Common computer input devices include keyboards for trying, mice for pointing and clicking, touchscreens for direct interaction, and microphones for voice input.
Input Devices of Computer-
98
- transmit processed information to users.
It include monitors for displaying information, printers for producing hard copies, speakers for audio output, and projectors for larger visual displays.
Output Devices of Computer
99
- is a computer’s main circuit board, connecting and facilitating communication between components like CPU, RAM, and Peripherals. It provides the foundation for the system to foundation for the system to function.
Motherboard
100
- Father of Computers
charles babbage
101
- First Computer Programmer was
Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace,
102
who wrote the first algorithm for Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine in the 1840s.
Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace,
103
in the context of computer glickes originated in 1947 when a moth caused a malfunction in the Harvard Mark II computer.
“Bug”
103
- First Computer Mouse was invented in 1964 by?? and was made of wood.
Douglas Engelbart
104
- “Byte” was coined in 1956 by ??? while working on IBM’s Stretch computer
Dr. Werner Buchholz
105
- weighed around 30 tons and used more than 17,000 vacuum.
First Tube Electronic Computer, ,
106
ENIAC means
Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer
107
5 Major Functions
Numeric Keypad
9-special keys
Function keys
Cursor OR Arrow Keys
Alphanumeric Character
108
Alphanumeric keys
Numbers
Letters
Symbols
Punctuations
Special keys
109
9 special keys
Print Screen
Scroll lock
Pause/Break
Insert
Delete
Home
End
Page up
Page Down
110
- also known as the number pad or numpad, is the section of keys on the right side of the keyboard
numeric keypad,
110
is used in combination with other keys to provide keyboard shortcuts.
Ctrl Key-
110
- They allow you to produce capital letters and access alternative keyboard functions and keyboard shortcuts.
modifier
111
- is also used in combination with other keys to activate menu options without using a mouse
Alternate (ALT) Key
111
modifier keys.
- Keys like Ctrl, Alt, and Shift
112
- is used to cancel or exit from the current task or dialog box
Esc Key
113
are used to perform special functions in some applications and operating systems
Function Keys F1 to F12-
114
- is one of the modifier keys found on most computer keyboards that allows you to enter uppercase characters or do other “shifted” functions.
Shift Key
115
- close a single tab
CTRL+ W-
116
-- close a browser window entirely
CTRL+SHIFT+W
117
- to open the File menu
ALT+F-
118
- -to open Edit
ALT+E
119
- to switch between open windows
-
ALT+TAB
120
- to close the active window
ALT+F4
121
to insert the copyright symbol ©
-
- ALT+0169
121
- to open web links in a new browser tab
-
ALT+ENTER
121
- to cycle through items in the order they were opened
ALT+ESC
122
-- to insert the trademark symbol TM
ALT+0153
123
- to insert the em dash —
ALT+0151
124
is typically used to access Help options in many applications and operating systems.
F1 key
125
is commonly used to rename selected files or folders.
F2 key
126
usually activates a search function within an application or file browser.
F3 key
127
is often used to open a new document or tab or to select an existing tab in applications like word processors, spreadsheets, and web browsers.
F4 key
128
typically refreshes or reloads the active window.
F5 key
129
usually activates the spelling checker in word-processing applications. It can also toggle special modes in some software, such as full-screen view.
F7 key
130
often activates keyboard shortcuts or hotkeys in applications and games. It may also be used to toggle between the normal cursor and a resize cursor in some graphics software.
F8 key
130
typically activates menus relating to saving files or settings.
F9 key
131
activates the menu bar in most applications and browsers, allowing you to navigate through options using the arrow keys.
F10 key
132
toggles full-screen mode on and off in applications like web browsers, word processors, and media players.
F11 key
133
opens the Developer Tools menu in most web browsers. In some applications, like word processors, it may toggle additional toolbars and panes.
F12 key
134
move the cursor up and down by full pages.
Page Up and Page Down
135
-moves it to the end of the line.
End Key
136
allow you to control audio and video playback without having to open any media player.
Media keys
136
- The most common media keys are
Play/Pause, Stop, Previous Track, Next Track, and Volume Up/Down.
137
window keys is located
between the Ctrl and Alt keys.
137
- is an important key on your keyboard that provides quick access to various Windows features.
Windows key
138
* minimizes all windows and shows the desktop
Windows key + D
139
locks your PC
* Windows key + L
140
opens the Run dialog box to run commands
Windows key + R
141
opens the Quick Link menu with admin
* Windows key + X
142
opens File Explorer
* Windows Key + E
143
* will open the Settings app
*
Windows key + I
144
opens Cortana search
Windows key + S
145
ctrl + L
left align
145
146
ctrl + r
right align
147
Capabilities of Computer Systems
1. high speed processing
2. accuracy and precision
3. automation of tasks
4. vast storage capacity
5. Multitasking Capabilities\
6. Connectivity and Networking
7. Data Analysis and Decision-Making
147
Limitations of Computer Systems
1. Lack of Creativity
2. Dependence on Human Instructions
3. Hardware and Software Constraints
4. Vulnerability to Cyber Threats
5. Limited Emotional Intelligence
6. Energy Consumption
7. High Initial Costs
148
the ideal typing posture is such that the keyboard is
below your elbow height when seated, with your wrists straight and not planted on the surface of the desk
149
* Elbows should be in an open angle
(90 – 110 degrees).
150
explains that a poor posture compresses your thoracic region, thus preventing the diaphragm from opening up fully.
American Council on Exercise
151
Common Improper Typing Postures
1. wrist extension
2. Closed Elbows and Shrugged Shoulders
3. Arm Extension
152
The most common problem typing posture, this occurs when your keyboard is higher than your wrists, requiring you to hyper extend your wrists to press the keys.
wrist extension
153
This occurs when your chair is too low or the keyboard is too close to your body, resulting in closed elbows, shrugged shoulders and wrists flexion.
Closed Elbows and Shrugged Shoulders
154
This occurs when the keyboard is too far away from you, resulting in your arms hyper extending to reach it.
Arm Extension
154
enables you to maintain an optimal distance from your laptop screen.
external keyboard
155
According to WebMD, your screen should be
25 inches or an arm’s length away.
156
tendons lie parallel to each other, so the back-and-forth movement creates friction.
- MICROTRAUMA-
157
Common Problems Due to Poor Typing Posture
wrist strain
neck and shoulder pain
158
total keyboard keys?
104
178
179
180
switches between applications or browser tabs in some software
F6
181
