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CCC 111 > What Is Computer? > Flashcards

What Is Computer? Flashcards

1
Q

A general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically.

It represents and manipulates text graphics, symbols, and music as well as numbers.

A

Computer

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2
Q

An instrument for performing calculations by sliding counters along rods or in grooves.

A

Abacus

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3
Q

Who invented the computer?

A

Charles babbage (december 26 1791- october 18 1871)

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4
Q

The first computer assembling today’s modern machine was the ________ a device conceived and designed by a british mathematician charles babbage between 1833 and 1871.

A

Analytical engine

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5
Q

What are the five characteristics of a computer?

A

High speed
Accuracy
Storage capability
Diligence
Versatility

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6
Q

What are the functions of the computer?

A

Step 1 Takes data as input.
Step 2 Store the data.
Step 3 Processes the data.
Step 4 Generates the output.
Step 5 controls all the above four components.

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7
Q

What does ALU stand for?

A

Arithmetic-logic unit

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8
Q

What are the advantages of computers?

A

Speed up work
efficiency
large and reliable storage capacity
connections within internet consistency
entertainment

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9
Q

What are the disadvantages of computers?

A

Social risk
Health risk
Security risk
High cost
Distractions
Environmental impact

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10
Q

In integrated circuits, miniatures and placed _______ were called ______ which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.

A

Silicon chips

Semiconductors

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11
Q

In artificial intelligence, some applications such as _____ that can be used today.

A

Voice recognition

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12
Q

In computing, memory refers to computer hardware. It is also called primary storage and is measured by bytes.

A

Computer memory

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13
Q

What are the two types of memory?

A

Volatile and non-volatile

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14
Q

The read and write memory.

A

RAM (RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)

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15
Q

A memory unit that performs the read operation only and does not have a write capability.

A

ROM (Read Only Memory

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16
Q

Is a temporary memory.

or Virtual memory.

A

Cache Memory

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17
Q

Range of vacuum tubes.

A

1940 to 1956

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18
Q

The range of transistors.

A

1956 to 1963

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19
Q

The range of integrated circuits.

A

1964 to 1971

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20
Q

The range of microprocessors.

A

1971 to present

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21
Q

The range of AI

A

Present and beyond

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22
Q

It is a silicon chip that composed thousands of integrated circuits.

A

Microprocessors

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23
Q

It was invented in 1947 but did not see widespread use of computers until the late 1950s.

A

Transistors

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24
Q

The first computers used ____ for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory and often enormous, taking up the entire rooms.

A

Vacuum tubes

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25
Q

It stores a large amount of data.

It is a very important characteristic of a computer.

A

Storage capability

-one of the characteristics of a computer.

26
Q

It is one of the characteristics of computers.

The calculations are 100% error free.

A

Accuracy

27
Q

It is one of the characteristics of a computer.

Unlike human beings a computer is free from monotony tiredness and lack of concentration.

It can work continuously without any error and boredom.

Computers can work for hours without any break and create errors

A

Diligence

28
Q

Is one of the characteristics of a computer.

Flexible, multitasking, versatile machine

A

Versatility

29
Q

It is one of the characteristics of a computer.

Computers have units of speed in math many microseconds, nanosecond and even the picosecond

A

High speed

30
Q

It is a type of storage whose contents are erased when the system power is turned off or interrupted.

Auxiliary memory is the other term of _____

A

Non-volatile

31
Q

Samples of auxiliary memory or secondary storage.

A

Floppy disk
Zip drive
CD-ROM
Hard disk
USB Flash drive

32
Q

It is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an electrical connector our expansion slot.

A

Expansion card

33
Q

Part of the computer system that consists of encoding information or computer instructions.

A

Software

34
Q

What are the two types of software?

A

Application software
System software

35
Q

An application program or a computer program designed to perform a group of coordinate functions, tasks, or activities for the benefit of the user.

Example: apps, processor, spreadsheet, web browser, file manager, and any apps that require installment.

A

Application software

36
Q

It is a software that directly operates the computer hardware, to provide basic functionality needed the users and another software.

Task manager and cmd

A

System software

37
Q

System software includes;

A

Operating system
Device drivers
Utilities

38
Q

It is a type of operating system.

It is a multi-tasking operating system that ends executing real-time applications.

A

Real Time

39
Q

It is a type of operating system.

Allows multiple users to access a computer system concurrently.

Time sharing can be classified as multi-user systems.

A

Multi-user vs single user

40
Q

It is one of the types of operating system.

When a single program is allowed to run at the time the system is grouped under a single-tasking system or multitasking system.

A

Multitasking vs Single-tasking system

41
Q

It is one of the types of operating system.

A distributed OS managed to group a group of independent computers and make them appear to be a single computer.

e.g. Linux

A

Distributed

42
Q

It is one of the operating systems.

Are designed to be used in embedded computer systems.

They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy.

A

Embedded

43
Q

A program that controls a display for the user, usually on a computer monitor and that allows the user to interact with the system.

Allows the user to communicate with the operating system.

A

User interface

44
Q

There are two types of operating systems what are they?

A

Command Line/User Interface
Graphical Line/User Interface

45
Q

What are the elements of GLI/GUI?

A

Pointer
Desktop
Icons
Windows
Menus

46
Q

What are the two types of menus?

A

Pull-down Menu
Pop-up Menu

47
Q

It is developed by microsoft inc.

Uses command line interface.

Does not support multiple users or and multitasking.

1981-2000

A

MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System)

48
Q

Produced by microsoft inc.

Uses graphical user interface.

Support multitasking and multi users.

1985

A

Windows

49
Q

Created by apple inc.

Operating system for macintosh computer.

Official name of the macintosh operating system.

1984

A

MAC OS

50
Q

A freely distributed source operating system that runs on a number of hardware platforms.

It is extremely popular alternative to proprietary operating system.

1992

A

Linux

51
Q

It is a linux-based OS for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers.

It is developed by Open Handset Alliance, led by Google, and other companies.

2008

A

Android

52
Q

It is an Unix operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems.

Can be installed from physical media or a network for use on a desktop or server.

Used for server & workstation.

1991

A

Solaris

53
Q

Did you say interface provides the meaning of;

A

Input- allowing the user to manipulate the system.

Output- allowing the system to indicate the effect of the user’s manipulation.

54
Q

8 bits

A

1 byte

55
Q

1000 bytes

A

1 kilobyte

56
Q

1000 kilobytes

A

1 megabyte

57
Q

1000 Megabytes

A

1 Gigabyte

58
Q

1000 Gigabytes

A

1 Terabyte

59
Q

Primary memory

A

Volatile

60
Q

Secondary memory

A

Non-volatile

61
Q

This is located in the rear panel of CPU

A

I/O Ports

CCC 111 (1 decks)

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