What Is Computer? Flashcards
A general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically.
It represents and manipulates text graphics, symbols, and music as well as numbers.
Computer
An instrument for performing calculations by sliding counters along rods or in grooves.
Abacus
Who invented the computer?
Charles babbage (december 26 1791- october 18 1871)
The first computer assembling today’s modern machine was the ________ a device conceived and designed by a british mathematician charles babbage between 1833 and 1871.
Analytical engine
What are the five characteristics of a computer?
High speed
Accuracy
Storage capability
Diligence
Versatility
What are the functions of the computer?
Step 1 Takes data as input.
Step 2 Store the data.
Step 3 Processes the data.
Step 4 Generates the output.
Step 5 controls all the above four components.
What does ALU stand for?
Arithmetic-logic unit
What are the advantages of computers?
Speed up work
efficiency
large and reliable storage capacity
connections within internet consistency
entertainment
What are the disadvantages of computers?
Social risk
Health risk
Security risk
High cost
Distractions
Environmental impact
In integrated circuits, miniatures and placed _______ were called ______ which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.
Silicon chips
Semiconductors
In artificial intelligence, some applications such as _____ that can be used today.
Voice recognition
In computing, memory refers to computer hardware. It is also called primary storage and is measured by bytes.
Computer memory
What are the two types of memory?
Volatile and non-volatile
The read and write memory.
RAM (RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)
A memory unit that performs the read operation only and does not have a write capability.
ROM (Read Only Memory
Is a temporary memory.
or Virtual memory.
Cache Memory
Range of vacuum tubes.
1940 to 1956
The range of transistors.
1956 to 1963
The range of integrated circuits.
1964 to 1971
The range of microprocessors.
1971 to present
The range of AI
Present and beyond
It is a silicon chip that composed thousands of integrated circuits.
Microprocessors
It was invented in 1947 but did not see widespread use of computers until the late 1950s.
Transistors
The first computers used ____ for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory and often enormous, taking up the entire rooms.
Vacuum tubes
It stores a large amount of data.
It is a very important characteristic of a computer.
Storage capability
-one of the characteristics of a computer.
It is one of the characteristics of computers.
The calculations are 100% error free.
Accuracy
It is one of the characteristics of a computer.
Unlike human beings a computer is free from monotony tiredness and lack of concentration.
It can work continuously without any error and boredom.
Computers can work for hours without any break and create errors
Diligence
Is one of the characteristics of a computer.
Flexible, multitasking, versatile machine
Versatility
It is one of the characteristics of a computer.
Computers have units of speed in math many microseconds, nanosecond and even the picosecond
High speed
It is a type of storage whose contents are erased when the system power is turned off or interrupted.
Auxiliary memory is the other term of _____
Non-volatile
Samples of auxiliary memory or secondary storage.
Floppy disk
Zip drive
CD-ROM
Hard disk
USB Flash drive
It is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an electrical connector our expansion slot.
Expansion card
Part of the computer system that consists of encoding information or computer instructions.
Software
What are the two types of software?
Application software
System software
An application program or a computer program designed to perform a group of coordinate functions, tasks, or activities for the benefit of the user.
Example: apps, processor, spreadsheet, web browser, file manager, and any apps that require installment.
Application software
It is a software that directly operates the computer hardware, to provide basic functionality needed the users and another software.
Task manager and cmd
System software
System software includes;
Operating system
Device drivers
Utilities
It is a type of operating system.
It is a multi-tasking operating system that ends executing real-time applications.
Real Time
It is a type of operating system.
Allows multiple users to access a computer system concurrently.
Time sharing can be classified as multi-user systems.
Multi-user vs single user
It is one of the types of operating system.
When a single program is allowed to run at the time the system is grouped under a single-tasking system or multitasking system.
Multitasking vs Single-tasking system
It is one of the types of operating system.
A distributed OS managed to group a group of independent computers and make them appear to be a single computer.
e.g. Linux
Distributed
It is one of the operating systems.
Are designed to be used in embedded computer systems.
They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy.
Embedded
A program that controls a display for the user, usually on a computer monitor and that allows the user to interact with the system.
Allows the user to communicate with the operating system.
User interface
There are two types of operating systems what are they?
Command Line/User Interface
Graphical Line/User Interface
What are the elements of GLI/GUI?
Pointer
Desktop
Icons
Windows
Menus
What are the two types of menus?
Pull-down Menu
Pop-up Menu
It is developed by microsoft inc.
Uses command line interface.
Does not support multiple users or and multitasking.
1981-2000
MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System)
Produced by microsoft inc.
Uses graphical user interface.
Support multitasking and multi users.
1985
Windows
Created by apple inc.
Operating system for macintosh computer.
Official name of the macintosh operating system.
1984
MAC OS
A freely distributed source operating system that runs on a number of hardware platforms.
It is extremely popular alternative to proprietary operating system.
1992
Linux
It is a linux-based OS for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers.
It is developed by Open Handset Alliance, led by Google, and other companies.
2008
Android
It is an Unix operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems.
Can be installed from physical media or a network for use on a desktop or server.
Used for server & workstation.
1991
Solaris
Did you say interface provides the meaning of;
Input- allowing the user to manipulate the system.
Output- allowing the system to indicate the effect of the user’s manipulation.
8 bits
1 byte
1000 bytes
1 kilobyte
1000 kilobytes
1 megabyte
1000 Megabytes
1 Gigabyte
1000 Gigabytes
1 Terabyte
Primary memory
Volatile
Secondary memory
Non-volatile
This is located in the rear panel of CPU
I/O Ports
