What Is Clinical Linguistics

Question 0

Language Encoding

Answer 0

Stage 2

• Complex/interrelated stages
• Encoding of the communicative intention with a conventional symbol system e.g. Language
• Lexical/semantic/phonological selections turn abstract, non-linguistic intention into a linguistic representation
• Still cannot be communicated

Question 1

Communicative Intentions

Answer 1

Stage 1

• Thoughts APPROPRIATE for communication
• Many thoughts not communicated - violate social norms or below conscious.
• Only when hearer recovers communicative intentions has anything been communicated.

Question 2

Motor Programming

Answer 2

Stage 3

- Various neuromuscular selections made

Question 3

Motor Execution

Answer 3

Stage 4

- Translation of neuromuscular selections into movements of articulators

Question 4

Sensory Processing

Answer 4

Stage 6
- Sound waves converted into mechanical vibrations by tympanic membrane and ossicles.
These vibrations trigger neurochemical reactions in the cochlea.

Question 5

Speech Perception

Answer 5

Stage 7

Nerve Impulses received by auditory vortices in temporal lobe of brain.

Question 6

Language Decoding

Answer 6

Stage 8

• Structural and semantic relations within sentences determined.
• Process complete when hearer determines speakers communicative intentions.

Question 7

Disorders of communicative intention

Answer 7

Psychoses e.g. Schizophrenia
Mental retardation e.g. Down Syndrome
Early onset autism
Dementia e.g. Alzheimer’s, HIV, CJD

Question 8

Disorders of language encoding and decoding

Answer 8

Acquired aphasia
DPD
SLI
Pragmatic disorders
LKS

Question 9

Disorders of motor programming

Answer 9

Verbal apraxia (acquired and developmental). Can occur in isolation or alongside other CDs e.g. DPD

Question 10

Disorders of motor execution

Answer 10

Dysarthria and/or dysphagia resulting from nerve damage
Function of articulators damaged e.g, glossectomy
Defective embryological development e.g, cleft lip and palate
Benign and malignant lesions of larynx e.g. Vocal nodules
Dysfunction of velopharyngeal port (VPI) distorted resonance
Stammering

Question 11

Disorders of sensory processing

Answer 11

Complete or partial hearing loss

Reduced sensation in oral cavity due to cranial nerve damage - CVA

Question 12

Disorders of perception

Answer 12

Agnosia - intact sensory receptors but unable to recognise the sensory information which is the output of them. Often alongside aphasia (common n.log aetiology)

Question 13

Phonetics

Answer 13

The study of speech sounds.

Articulatory movements of speech and the physical dimensions of speech sounds.

Question 14

Phonology

Answer 14

The study of the sound system of a language and how speech sounds can signify meaning e.g. Pin vs bin

Question 15

Speech disorders

Answer 15

Dysarthric adult who cannot execute the movements required to produce certain speech sounds

Question 16

Language disorder

Answer 16

Young child who cannot signal difference between sip and zip but pronounces both as sip.

Question 17

Deep dyslexia

Answer 17

Words with concrete meaning more easily read than words with abstract meaning

Question 18

Anatomy

Answer 18

The study of the structure of the human body

Question 19

Physiology

Answer 19

The function of anatomical structures