What is cancer Flashcards by Seth Allen

Epithelial cells are defined by …

resting on a basement membrane

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epithelium that has outside exposure

squamous

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epithelium of the skin

keratinising with adnexal structures

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internal epithelium

non-keratinishin

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transitional epithelium

bladder

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ciliated epithelium

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar

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epithelial malignancy is called

carcinoma

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t/f

children commonly get epithelial malignancies

false

rarely get them

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t/f

epithelial malignancies are common

true

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what is the disease progression for epithelial malignancies

local growth
spread via lymph
spread via blood

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testicular cancer will spread to which lymph nodes?

para-aortic lymph nodes

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primary lung mets

brain. bone, adrenal and liver

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t/f primary breast have different common mets to lung

false
breast cancer has common mets to lung
brain, bone, liver and adrenal

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GI malignancies will most often spread

liver

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prostate cancer will metastasise ….

anywhere

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tumours of the mesenchyme (connective tissue)

sarcoma

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smooth muscle

leiomyoma/sarcoma

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skeletal muscle

rhanbdomyoma/sarcoma

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fat

lipoma/liposarcoma

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bone

osteoma/ osteosarcoma

cartilage

chondroma/ chondrosarcoma

blood vessels

haemangioma/ angiosarcoma

nerves

neuroma

t/f

sarcomas are rare

true

t/f | sarcomas are more common in children than epithelial

true

t/f | sarcomas commonly spread to the lymph nodes

false | lymphatic spread is very rare, if present unlikely to be sarcoma

defining feature of sarcomas

local growth - can get fucking HUGE

where can sarcomas spread to

blood - haematogenous spread

features of sarcomas

single cell lesions cigar shaped nuclei solid looking

t/f | sarcomas have a strong genetic link

true - use FISH and karyotyping to determine translocations

myeloid cells are

red blood cells etc

lymphoid cells

B cells, T cells, NK

primary site of haematological tumours

NO PRIMARY ORGAN

where do haematological tumours metastasise

they don't

what is lymphoma

tumour like mass in lymph nodes

what is leukaemia

circulating malignant cells in blood and bone marrow with no mass

what are the happens for haemangioma with bone marrow involvement

less RBCs, platelets, granulocytes and normal B cells

what test must be done if a haematological tumour is suspected

FBC

what if FBC comes back low

marrow involvement

what if FBC high

abnormal cells

what do haematological tumours look like

solid white masses, can often look quite similar (not pleomorphic)

what is a neuroectoderm tumour

melanoma

what are brain tumours known as

gliomas

what are we thinking if we see lesions in the brain

secondary mets (carcinoma)

what is hepatoma known as

hepatocellular carcinoma

t/f | lesions in the brain are common

false, they are rare, mets more common

why are tumours in the brain always seen as malignant

in an enclosed space so expansion will effect surrounding structure

where do brain tumours metastasise to

no where

why don't primary brain tumours metastasise

due to the blood brain barrier (stay in brain)