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CLASP > What is cancer > Flashcards

What is cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial cells are defined by …

A

resting on a basement membrane

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2
Q

epithelium that has outside exposure

A

squamous

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3
Q

epithelium of the skin

A

keratinising with adnexal structures

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4
Q

internal epithelium

A

non-keratinishin

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5
Q

transitional epithelium

A

bladder

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6
Q

ciliated epithelium

A

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar

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7
Q

epithelial malignancy is called

A

carcinoma

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8
Q

t/f

children commonly get epithelial malignancies

A

false

rarely get them

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9
Q

t/f

epithelial malignancies are common

A

true

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10
Q

what is the disease progression for epithelial malignancies

A

local growth
spread via lymph
spread via blood

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11
Q

testicular cancer will spread to which lymph nodes?

A

para-aortic lymph nodes

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12
Q

primary lung mets

A

brain. bone, adrenal and liver

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13
Q

t/f primary breast have different common mets to lung

A

false
breast cancer has common mets to lung
brain, bone, liver and adrenal

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14
Q

GI malignancies will most often spread

A

liver

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15
Q

prostate cancer will metastasise ….

A

anywhere

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16
Q

tumours of the mesenchyme (connective tissue)

A

sarcoma

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17
Q

smooth muscle

A

leiomyoma/sarcoma

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18
Q

skeletal muscle

A

rhanbdomyoma/sarcoma

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19
Q

fat

A

lipoma/liposarcoma

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20
Q

bone

A

osteoma/ osteosarcoma

21
Q

cartilage

A

chondroma/ chondrosarcoma

22
Q

blood vessels

A

haemangioma/ angiosarcoma

23
Q

nerves

A

neuroma

24
Q

t/f

sarcomas are rare

A

true

25
Q

t/f

sarcomas are more common in children than epithelial

A

true

26
Q

t/f

sarcomas commonly spread to the lymph nodes

A

false

lymphatic spread is very rare, if present unlikely to be sarcoma

27
Q

defining feature of sarcomas

A

local growth - can get fucking HUGE

28
Q

where can sarcomas spread to

A

blood - haematogenous spread

29
Q

features of sarcomas

A

single cell lesions
cigar shaped nuclei
solid looking

30
Q

t/f

sarcomas have a strong genetic link

A

true - use FISH and karyotyping to determine translocations

31
Q

myeloid cells are

A

red blood cells etc

32
Q

lymphoid cells

A

B cells, T cells, NK

33
Q

primary site of haematological tumours

A

NO PRIMARY ORGAN

34
Q

where do haematological tumours metastasise

A

they don’t

35
Q

what is lymphoma

A

tumour like mass in lymph nodes

36
Q

what is leukaemia

A

circulating malignant cells in blood and bone marrow with no mass

37
Q

what are the happens for haemangioma with bone marrow involvement

A

less RBCs, platelets, granulocytes and normal B cells

38
Q

what test must be done if a haematological tumour is suspected

A

FBC

39
Q

what if FBC comes back low

A

marrow involvement

40
Q

what if FBC high

A

abnormal cells

41
Q

what do haematological tumours look like

A

solid white masses, can often look quite similar (not pleomorphic)

42
Q

what is a neuroectoderm tumour

A

melanoma

43
Q

what are brain tumours known as

A

gliomas

44
Q

what are we thinking if we see lesions in the brain

A

secondary mets (carcinoma)

45
Q

what is hepatoma known as

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

46
Q

t/f

lesions in the brain are common

A

false, they are rare, mets more common

47
Q

why are tumours in the brain always seen as malignant

A

in an enclosed space so expansion will effect surrounding structure

48
Q

where do brain tumours metastasise to

A

no where

49
Q

why don’t primary brain tumours metastasise

A

due to the blood brain barrier (stay in brain)

CLASP (9 decks)

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