What I need to study for test tmr Flashcards
Normal Force
The force or the component of a force which a surface exerts on an object with which it is in contact, and which is perpendicular to the surface.
Frictional force
The force that opposes the motion of an object and which acts parallel to the surface.
Static frictional force
The force that opposes the tendency of motion of a
stationary object relative to a surface.
Know that a frictional force:
Is proportional to the normal force
Is independent of the area of contact
Is independent of the velocity of motion
State Newton’s first law of motion:
A body will remain in its state of rest or motion at
constant velocity unless a non-zero resultant/net force acts on it.
State Newton’s second law of motion:
When a net force acts on an object, the object
will accelerate in the direction of the force and the acceleration is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
State Newton’s third law of motion:
When object A exerts a force on object B, object B
SIMULTANEOUSLY exerts an oppositely directed force of equal magnitude on object A.
State Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation:
Each body in the universe attracts every other body with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres.
weight
the gravitational force the Earth exerts on any object on or near its
surface.
momentum
the product of an object’s mass and its velocity
linear momentum
a vector quantity with the same direction as the velocity of the object.
State Newton’s second law of motion in terms of momentum:
The net (or resultant) force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of momentum of the object in the direction of the net force.
impulse
the product of the resultant/net force acting on an object and the time the net force acts on the object.
isolated system
a system on which the net external force is zero.
State the principle of conservation of linear momentum:
The total linear momentum of an isolated system remains constant (is conserved).
projectile
an object which has been given an initial velocity and then it moves under the influence of the gravitational force only
free fall
motion during which the only force acting on an object is the gravitational force
Work-energy theorem:
The work done on an object by a net force is equal to the change in the object’s kinetic energy
Conservative Force
A force for which the work done in moving an object between two points is independent of the path taken.
non-conservative force
as a force for which the work done in moving an object between two points depends on the path taken.
State the principle of conservation of mechanical energy:
The total mechanical energy (sum of gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy) in an isolated system remains constant.
power
the rate at which work is done or energy is expended.
Doppler effect
the change in frequency (or pitch) of the sound detected by a listener, because the sound source and the listener have different velocities relative to the medium of sound propagation.
Coulomb’s law
The magnitude of the electrostatic force exerted by one point charge (Q1) on another point charge (Q2) is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance (r) between them.
