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Theory: Language Change > What Has Impacted The English Language > Flashcards

What Has Impacted The English Language Flashcards

1
Q

What type of effect did the Angles, Saxons and Jutes have on the English Language?

A

Lexical

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2
Q

How did the Angles, Saxons and Jutes impact the language?

A

When they invaded, the Angles, Saxons and Jutes brought large amounts of their language within them and as such, imported lots of their language into Old English. Including:
Words for family
Verbs like ‘drink’ and ‘go’
Prepositions

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3
Q

What type of effect did vikings have on the English Language?

A

Lexical and grammatical

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4
Q

What did the vikings introduce to the English Language?

A

The Vikings brought with them new words like ‘sky’, ‘skull’ and ‘anger’ and a simplified grammatical system.

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5
Q

What type of effect did the Normans have on the English Language?

A

Lexical

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6
Q

What did the invasion of the Normans and subsequent domination lead to?

A

It led to a huge amount of (Norman)
French terms into the language, vastly
increasing the Middle English lexicon.

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7
Q

What effect did Wycliffe have on the English Language?

A

Lexical

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8
Q

What did Wycliffe do?

A

Translated the Bible from Latin to English.

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9
Q

What type of effect did the Chancery have on the English Language?

A

Lexical and orthographical

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10
Q

How did the Chancery impact the English Language?

A

Decided to make English changes to

standardise the use of English. For example,by removing the use of ‘hath’ and deciding to use “l’

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11
Q

Traditionalist campaigners type of effect on English Language

A

Orthographical

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12
Q

What did the traditionalist campaigners want?

A

Wanted spelling to reflect the history of the campaigners
language. This includes changing orthography to Latinate spellings. For example, adding the in ‘rhyme’ to match ‘rhythm’

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13
Q

The Great Vowel Shift type of change

A

Phonological

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14
Q

Effect of The Great Vowel Shift

A

Long vowel sounds moved from the front of the mouth to further back. Some sounds also became diphthongs. For example, “mouse’ was originally pronounced as
“moose’

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15
Q

What type of effect did Tyndall have on the English Language?

A

Lexical

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16
Q

What did Tyndall do?

A

Translated the Bible, but with slightly more success than Wycliffe.

17
Q

Type of effect King James I

A

Lexical and grammatical

18
Q

What did King James I do that affected the English Language?

A

Ordered a Bible in English which was heavily rhetorical, so could be read out and used archaic lexis and grammatical structures to
make it sound older and wiser.

19
Q

Gutenberg type of effect

A

Orthographical

20
Q

What did Gutenberg do?

A

Invented the printing press

21
Q

What did Caxton do and how does this link to Gutenberg?

A

Brought the printing press to England. Made decisions on which spellings to use - orthography became more fixed.

22
Q

Caxton type of effect

A

Orthographical

23
Q

Renaissance thinkers type of effect

A

Lexical

24
Q

What did the Renaissance thinkers bring to the English Language?

A

The rebirth of Greek and Latin ideas led to importation of many Greek and Latinate lexis into English.

25
Q

The Inkhorn Controversy type of effect

A

Lexical

26
Q

The Inkhorn Controversy

A

Concern was raised over the high numbers of lexis (Inkhorn terms) which were being imported from Latin and Greek.

27
Q

Cawdrey type of effect

A

Lexical and orthographical

28
Q

What did Cawdrey do?

A

Wrote the first dictionary to provide terms and definitions. Aimed to try and fix orthography.

29
Q

Shakespeare- type of effect

A

Lexical

30
Q

Johnson type of effect

A

Lexical and orthographical

31
Q

What did Johnson do?

A

Published a dictionary in 1755 containing 40,000 words and provides spellings.

32
Q

Limitations of Johnson

A

There is some controversy over the
terms he chose not to include and his
definitions are biased. He sought to provide ‘regulation’, though admits that trying to control language is like trying to ‘lash the wind’

33
Q

Swift type of effect

A

Lexical

34
Q

What did Swift think?

A

Thought that English needed to be corrected, improved and ascertained. He felt it was being destroy.

35
Q

What did Swift dislike?

A 
Contractions
Long words
New words
Borrowed words
Clipped words
Young people changing language
36
Q

Académie Francais type of effect

A

Lexical and grammatical

37
Q

What does Académie Francais do?

A

Worked to accept or reject additions into the French language and to preserve grammar.

38
Q

Lowth type of effect

A

Grammatical

Theory: Language Change (4 decks)

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