What Has Impacted The English Language

Question 1

What type of effect did the Angles, Saxons and Jutes have on the English Language?

Answer 1

Lexical

Question 2

How did the Angles, Saxons and Jutes impact the language?

Answer 2

When they invaded, the Angles, Saxons and Jutes brought large amounts of their language within them and as such, imported lots of their language into Old English. Including:
Words for family
Verbs like ‘drink’ and ‘go’
Prepositions

Question 3

What type of effect did vikings have on the English Language?

Answer 3

Lexical and grammatical

Question 4

What did the vikings introduce to the English Language?

Answer 4

The Vikings brought with them new words like ‘sky’, ‘skull’ and ‘anger’ and a simplified grammatical system.

Question 5

What type of effect did the Normans have on the English Language?

Answer 5

Lexical

Question 6

What did the invasion of the Normans and subsequent domination lead to?

Answer 6

It led to a huge amount of (Norman)
French terms into the language, vastly
increasing the Middle English lexicon.

Question 7

What effect did Wycliffe have on the English Language?

Answer 7

Lexical

Question 8

What did Wycliffe do?

Answer 8

Translated the Bible from Latin to English.

Question 9

What type of effect did the Chancery have on the English Language?

Answer 9

Lexical and orthographical

Question 10

How did the Chancery impact the English Language?

Answer 10

Decided to make English changes to

standardise the use of English. For example,by removing the use of ‘hath’ and deciding to use “l’

Question 11

Traditionalist campaigners type of effect on English Language

Answer 11

Orthographical

Question 12

What did the traditionalist campaigners want?

Answer 12

Wanted spelling to reflect the history of the campaigners
language. This includes changing orthography to Latinate spellings. For example, adding the in ‘rhyme’ to match ‘rhythm’

Question 13

The Great Vowel Shift type of change

Answer 13

Phonological

Question 14

Effect of The Great Vowel Shift

Answer 14

Long vowel sounds moved from the front of the mouth to further back. Some sounds also became diphthongs. For example, “mouse’ was originally pronounced as
“moose’

Question 15

What type of effect did Tyndall have on the English Language?

Answer 15

Lexical

Question 16

What did Tyndall do?

Answer 16

Translated the Bible, but with slightly more success than Wycliffe.

Question 17

Type of effect King James I

Answer 17

Lexical and grammatical

Question 18

What did King James I do that affected the English Language?

Answer 18

Ordered a Bible in English which was heavily rhetorical, so could be read out and used archaic lexis and grammatical structures to
make it sound older and wiser.

Question 19

Gutenberg type of effect

Answer 19

Orthographical

Question 20

What did Gutenberg do?

Answer 20

Invented the printing press

Question 21

What did Caxton do and how does this link to Gutenberg?

Answer 21

Brought the printing press to England. Made decisions on which spellings to use - orthography became more fixed.

Question 22

Caxton type of effect

Answer 22

Orthographical

Question 23

Renaissance thinkers type of effect

Answer 23

Lexical

Question 24

What did the Renaissance thinkers bring to the English Language?

Answer 24

The rebirth of Greek and Latin ideas led to importation of many Greek and Latinate lexis into English.

Question 25

The Inkhorn Controversy type of effect

Answer 25

Lexical

Question 26

The Inkhorn Controversy

Answer 26

Concern was raised over the high numbers of lexis (Inkhorn terms) which were being imported from Latin and Greek.

Question 27

Cawdrey type of effect

Answer 27

Lexical and orthographical

Question 28

What did Cawdrey do?

Answer 28

Wrote the first dictionary to provide terms and definitions. Aimed to try and fix orthography.

Question 29

Shakespeare- type of effect

Answer 29

Lexical

Question 30

Johnson type of effect

Answer 30

Lexical and orthographical

Question 31

What did Johnson do?

Answer 31

Published a dictionary in 1755 containing 40,000 words and provides spellings.

Question 32

Limitations of Johnson

Answer 32

There is some controversy over the terms he chose not to include and his definitions are biased. He sought to provide 'regulation', though admits that trying to control language is like trying to 'lash the wind'

Question 33

Swift type of effect

Answer 33

Lexical

Question 34

What did Swift think?

Answer 34

Thought that English needed to be corrected, improved and ascertained. He felt it was being destroy.

Question 35

What did Swift dislike?

Answer 35

``` Contractions Long words New words Borrowed words Clipped words Young people changing language ```

Question 36

Académie Francais type of effect

Answer 36

Lexical and grammatical

Question 37

What does Académie Francais do?

Answer 37

Worked to accept or reject additions into the French language and to preserve grammar.

Question 38

Lowth type of effect

Answer 38

Grammatical