What features make structures resistant to earthquakes? Flashcards
Most earthquakes are too weak to be noticed? (T/F)
True
Earthquakes that cause extreme damage, such as buildings and roads might break apart and bridges might collapse. (T/F)
True
Seismologists use ___________ to identify and map the epicenters of earthquakes.
Seismometers
Seismologists use information from seismometers to…..
describe how rocks along the faults has moved over time AND let people know about the threat of possible earthquakes.
New ____________ can warn people that an earthquake is coming.
technology
The warning gives people __________, or ____________, notice of an earthquake’s arrival.
seconds, or minutes
The new technology that warn people of earthquakes works by first detecting ______________ waves from a break at a fault.
longitudinal
The sensors analyze the data and determine the _______________________
size and location of an earthquake.
Earthquake safety: If you are indoors:
duck under a table or doorway.
The system sends a messages stating ________________
the intensity AND when the earthquake will happen.
Earthquake safety: Look out the window to see what is happening. (T/F)
FALSE - Stay away from external walls and windows
Earthquake safety: If you are outdoors:
Stay away from trees, powerlines and any structures that might fall down.
Earthquake safety: People CAN stop an earthquake from occurring. (T/F)
False - People CANNOT stop an earthquake, but they can take steps to reduce the damage.
Earthquake safety: You can ________ _________ __________ to use as shelter during an earthquake.
identify safe places
Safe Structures: Materials such as bricks and concrete blocks crumble easily when shaken. They are best for earthquake areas. (T/F)
False - Reinforced concrete, metal and wood work better because they can be tied to other parts of the building and do not crumble.
_________ (Taller or Shorter) buildings might be less likely to be damaged in an earthquake. _________ (Tall or Short) buildings can also remain stable during an earthquake.
Short________Tall
Very tall buildings are more ___________ than shorter buildings.
Flexible
Buildings that are more flexible are __________________ (less or more) likely to collapse.
Less
Placing layers of ____________ and ____________, or motion dampeners, at the the base of bridges can reduce damage from earthquakes.
rubber and steel
Sections of bridges can be joined by rubber joints that allow the bridge to ______ during earthquakes.
sway
Rubber joints make bridges more _____________.
flexible
___________ and __________ study earthquakes to design safe buildings.
Architects and scientists
A building needs to resist _________ _________ during an earthquake.
Lateral forces
Lateral Forces are forces that come from the ___________.
side
The frame of a building can resist lateral forces by __________.
Bracing
Bracing is made of ___________ pieces connecting beams and columns.
diagonal
Bracing comes in several shapes. Examples include the letters _________ and ________.
X & K
Buildings can resist lateral forces with ______ walls - a stiff wall made of braced panels.
Shear wall
Some tall buildings have a _________ core, such as a stairwell or elevator shaft with a shear wall on each side.
shear core
Architects and engineers decide the size of a shear wall based on _______________
their calculations of potential lateral forces.
Another way for a tall building to resist lateral forces is with a __________, which is a mass that can weight over a million pounds!
damper
It is attached to the building on the _________ of the top floors, but moves ______________ from the building.
inside…… independently
The damper makes the building move more from lateral forces. (T/F)
FALSE - The damper makes the building move LESS from lateral forces.
