What Are Global Commons

Question 1

What are global commons

Answer 1

Protected Areas which fall outside an area of any jurisdiction,

• Antartica
• High Seas
• Atmosphere
• Space
• Potential cyber space

Question 2

What is the tragedy of the commons

Answer 2

People feel that the resources should be exploited as the cost of exploitation will be felt by everyone

Question 3

What is the Antarctic treaty

Answer 3

• signed in 1959 by 53 countries and said Antarctica should remain a global common.
• All bases on Antarctica inspected

Question 4

What was the Madrid protocol

Answer 4

1991 protocol which banned all mining and set rules to protect Antarctica wildlife

Question 5

What was the IWC and the whale moratorium

Answer 5

1994 International whaling commission, set up whale sanctuary to ensure suitable levels of whales left
1982 whale moratorium banned commercial whaling- loophole Japan claimed it was for scientific reasons

Question 6

How was Antartica vulnerable to climate change

Answer 6

• West coast warmed 3^c
• Ice shelves in Wendell and Ross sea melting
• Krill declined 80% due to sea ice melting which is main source of food for penguins whales etc.

Question 7

How does fishing and whaling impact Antartica

Answer 7

• Threatens species, krill decline which is vital food source
• Whaling declined from the 1984 Whale moratorium and is recovering

Question 8

How does Toursim and research threaten Antartica

Answer 8

• Increase in shipping and air travel may result in oil spills, water and air pollution
• Disturb wildlife

Question 9

How is mineral extraction a threat to antartica

Answer 9

-Believed to have lots of mineral depoists, mining banned from 1991 Madrid protocol but in the future this may change