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A-Level OCR A Chemistry - 2B Acids, bases and salts > What acids, bases and salts are > Flashcards

What acids, bases and salts are Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Brønsted-Lowry acid?

A

A proton (H+ ion) donor

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2
Q

What is the formula of hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

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3
Q

What is the formula of sulfuric acid?

A

H₂SO₄

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4
Q

What is the formula of nitric acid?

A

HNO₃

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5
Q

What is the formula of phosphoric acid?

A

H₃PO₄

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6
Q

What is the formula of methanoic acid?

A

CHOOH

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7
Q

What is the formula or ethanoic acid?

A

CH₃COOH

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8
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

An acid that fully ionises so all ions separate

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9
Q

What happens when an acid ionise?

A

All the H+ separate and this is an irreversible reaction

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10
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

An acid that partially ionises in solution

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11
Q

What happens when a weak acid ionises?

A

Only the H+ ion from the -COOH group separates and this is a reversible reaction

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12
Q

What is a concentrated acid?

A

An acid with many particles per unit volume

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13
Q

What is a Brønsted-Lowry base?

A

A hydrogen ion acceptor

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14
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A soluble base that dissolves in water to produce hydroxide ions

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15
Q

What is the difference between a base and an alkali?

A

All alkalis are bases but not all bases are alkalis

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16
Q

What happens when group 1 metal hydroxides are dissolved in water?

A

It forms an alkaline solution that contains hydroxide ions, e.g, NaOH + aqua -> Na2+ + OH-

17
Q

What happens when metal hydroxides dissolve in water?

A

It forms a soluble metal hydroxide when reacting with water, e.g, CaO + H2O -> Ca2+ + 2OH-

18
Q

What happens when ammonia (and similar nitrogen compounds) react with water?

A

A solution is produced containing hydroxide ions e.g, NH3 + H2O -> NH4+ + OH-

19
Q

Why are both calcium and copper oxide bases but only calcium oxide is an alkali?

A

Both calcium and copper oxide can accept hydrogen ions so they are bases but only calcium oxide reacts with water to produce a solution containing hydroxide ions so only calcium oxide is an alkali

A-Level OCR A Chemistry - 2B Acids, bases and salts (4 decks)

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