What acids, bases and salts are Flashcards
What is a Brønsted-Lowry acid?
A proton (H+ ion) donor
What is the formula of hydrochloric acid?
HCl
What is the formula of sulfuric acid?
H₂SO₄
What is the formula of nitric acid?
HNO₃
What is the formula of phosphoric acid?
H₃PO₄
What is the formula of methanoic acid?
CHOOH
What is the formula or ethanoic acid?
CH₃COOH
What is a strong acid?
An acid that fully ionises so all ions separate
What happens when an acid ionise?
All the H+ separate and this is an irreversible reaction
What is a weak acid?
An acid that partially ionises in solution
What happens when a weak acid ionises?
Only the H+ ion from the -COOH group separates and this is a reversible reaction
What is a concentrated acid?
An acid with many particles per unit volume
What is a Brønsted-Lowry base?
A hydrogen ion acceptor
What is an alkali?
A soluble base that dissolves in water to produce hydroxide ions
What is the difference between a base and an alkali?
All alkalis are bases but not all bases are alkalis
What happens when group 1 metal hydroxides are dissolved in water?
It forms an alkaline solution that contains hydroxide ions, e.g, NaOH + aqua -> Na2+ + OH-
What happens when metal hydroxides dissolve in water?
It forms a soluble metal hydroxide when reacting with water, e.g, CaO + H2O -> Ca2+ + 2OH-
What happens when ammonia (and similar nitrogen compounds) react with water?
A solution is produced containing hydroxide ions e.g, NH3 + H2O -> NH4+ + OH-
Why are both calcium and copper oxide bases but only calcium oxide is an alkali?
Both calcium and copper oxide can accept hydrogen ions so they are bases but only calcium oxide reacts with water to produce a solution containing hydroxide ions so only calcium oxide is an alkali
