WHAPP Flashcards
WH
Allies
Britain, France, and Russia- Later joined by Italy
Militarism
A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always
Self-determination
Concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves
Conscription
A military draft
Stalemate
A situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible
Propaganda
Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.
Reparations
Payment for war damages
Lusitania
A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128
Zimmermann Telegram (1917)
secret message from Germany to Mexico, threatening to
Total War
A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war
ANZAC
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
Gallipoli
A poorly planned and badly executed Allied campaign to capture the Turkish
Paris Peace Conference
The great rulers and countries excluding Germany and Russia met
Big Four
The Big Four were the four most important leaders, and the most important ones
Woodrow Wilson
28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership,
David Lloyd George
Britain’s prime minister at the end of World War I whose goal was to make
Vittorio Orlando
He was the Italian representative at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919.
Fourteen Points
A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a
League of Nations
an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and
Treaty of Versailles (1919)
Treaty that ended World War I - most important part was the
Weimar Republic
German republic founded after the WWI and the downfall of the German
Trench Warfare
A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches
deficit spending
Government practice of spending more than it takes in from taxes
Collectivize
bring under central government control
Kolkhoz
in the Soviet Union, a small farm worked by farmers who shared in the farm’s
John Maynard Keynes
English economist who advocated the use of government
Great Depression
the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and
New Deal
A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between
New Economic Plan (NEP)
Peasants were allowed to own land and small businesses
Russian Civil War
1918-1920: conflict in which the Red Army successfully defended the
Spanish Civil War
In 1936 a rebellion erupted in Spain after a coalition of Republicans,
Politburo
A seven-member committee that became the leading policy-making body of the
Fascism
A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and
totalitarian state
country where a single party controls the government and every aspect of
Nationalists(Spain)
A member of a political group advcating or fighting for national
Republicans
Republicans in Spain are a political movement that supports Spain becoming a
Loyalists
The Loyalists, also known as the Republican faction, were a group that supported
Gulag
Russian prison camp for political prisoners
Long March
The 6,000-mile (9,600-kilometer) flight of Chinese Communists from
Palestine
A territory in the Middle East on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea.
Pakistan
After Gandhi received freedom for the indians, Pakistans, or Sikhs, moved away
Amritsar Massacre
killing by British troops of nearly 400 Indians gathered at Amritsar to
Manchukuo
Japanese puppet state established in Manchuria in 1931
Satyagraha
the form of nonviolent resistance initiated in India by Mahatma Gandhi in order to
Mahatma
“Great Soul”; title given to Gandhi
Jomo Kenyatta
A nationalist leader who fought to end oppressive laws against Africans;
Adolf Hitler
Austrian born Dictator of Germany, implement Fascism and caused WWII and
Neville Chamberlain
Great British prime minister who advocated peace and a policy of
Sudetenland
an area in western Czechoslovakia that was coveted by Hitler
Nuremberg Laws
1935 laws defining the status of Jews and withdrawing citizenship from
Anschluss
Union of Austria and Germany
Munich Agreement
Agreement between Chamberlain and Hitler that Germany would not
Rome-Berlin Axis
the alliance between Italy and Germany (Mussolini and Hitler)
Anti-Comintern Pact
treaty between Germany and Japan promising a common front against
Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, Japan
Nazism
Adolf Hitler used fascism to create this type of government based on totalitarian
Third Reich
The Third German Empire, established by Adolf Hitler in the 1930s.
Lend-Lease Act
allowed sales or loans of war materials to any country whose defense the
Battle of Britain
An aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German
Siege of Leningrad
German forces surrounded this Russian city, cutting off supplies. About
Pearl Harbor
Base in hawaii that was bombed by japan on December 7, 1941, which eagered
Battle of Stalingrad
Unsuccessful German attack on the city of Stalingrad during World War II
Battle of Coral Sea
A battle between Japanese and American naval forces that stopped the
Battle of Midway Island
A naval and air battle fought in World War II in which planes from
Guadalcanal
first U.S. land victory over the Japanese, 1943
Island Hopping
A military strategy used during World War II that involved selectively
Battle of the Bulge
December, 1944-January, 1945 - After recapturing France, the Allied
V-E Day
May 8, 1945; victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered
Hiroshima
City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945.
Nagasaki
Japanese city in which the second atomic bomb was dropped (August 9, 1945).
V-J Day
“Victory over Japan day” is the celebration of the Surrender of Japan, which was
Nonaggression Pact
An agreement in which nations promise not to attack one another
Atlantic Charter
1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister
Winston Churchill
A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II
Douglas MacArthur
American general, who commanded allied troops in the Pacific during
Tutsis
the main minority group in Rwanda and Burundi
Hutus
the group that forms the majority in Rwanda and Burundi
Sputnik
First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked
Proxy War
A war instigated by a major power that does not itself participate
Berlin Airlift
airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the
Berlin Wall
A wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep
Korean War
The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea.
Vietnam War
A prolonged war (1954-1975) between the communist armies of North Vietnam
Domino Theory
A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then
Bay of Pigs
In April 1961, a group of Cuban exiles organized and supported by the U.S.
Cuban Missile Crisis
The 1962 confrontation bewteen US and the Soviet Union over Soviet
Contra War
The contras is a label given to the various U.S.-backed and funded right-wing
Warsaw Pact
An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This
Communist Bloc
The group of Eastern European nations that fell under the control of the
Central Treaty Organization (CENTO)
Members were the U.S., Great Britain, Turkey, Iran
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
An international treaty, signed in 1968, that aims to prevent
Antinuclear Weapons Movement
consists of more than 80 anti-nuclear groups that oppose
Lyndon Johnson
1963-1969, Democrat , signed the civil rights act of 1964 into law and the
John F. Kennedy
President of the US during the Bay of Pigs Invasion and the Cuban
Nikita Khrushchev
A Soviet leader during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Also famous for
commune
a body of people or families living together and sharing everything
Great Leap Forward
Started by Mao Zedong, combined collective farms into People’s
Cultural Revolution
Campaign in China ordered by Mao Zedong to purge the Communist
Red Guards
the Radical youth of the Cultural Revolution in China starting in 1966. Often wore
White Revolution
The term used by the shah to describe reforms in Iran between the end of
Muhammad Reza Pahlavi
(1919-1980), Dictator ruler of Iran from 1941 to 1979. He was
Kwame Nkrumah
founder of Ghana’s independence movement and Ghana’s first priesident
Charles de Gaulle
French general and statesman who became very popular during World
Ho Chi Minh
Communist leader of North Vietnam
Gamal Abdel Nasser
He led the coup which toppled the monarchy of King Farouk and started a
one-party state
a political system in which one party controls the government and actively
Algerian War for Independence
Began in 1954 with Algerians campaigning for
Suez Crisis
July 26, 1956, Nasser (leader of Egypt) nationalized the Suez Canal, Oct. 29,
Biafran Civil War
Tried to create Republic of Biafra in Nigeria due to an ethnic problem,
Quiet Revolution
A period of rapid change experienced in Québec from 1960 to 1966.
Muslim League
an organization formed in 1906 to protect the interests of India’s Muslims,
Organization of African Unity (OAU)
An organization started in 1963 by thirty-two newly
Viet Cong (VC)
This was the name of the members of the communist guerrilla movement
Six Day War
(1967) Short conflict between Egypt and her allies against Israel won by Israel;
Yom Kippur War
Egypt and Syria attacked Israel in October 1973 (on Yom Kippur)
Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)
This organization formed in 1964 with the purpose
Kashmir
A region of northern India and Pakistan over which several destructive wars have
Indira Gandhi
Daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first prime minister. She was also prime
Benazir Bhutto
Bhutto’s daughter who served as Prime Minister until 1996; assassinated
Metropole
the dominant part of an empire, distinguished from the subordinate colonies,
Alexander Dubcek
Communist Party Secretary of Czechoslovakia; loosens strict rules;
Brezhnev Doctrine
Soviet Union and its allies had the right to intervene in any socialist
Irish Republican Army (IRA)
a militant organization of Irish nationalists who used terrorism and
Basque Homeland and Freedom (ETA)
A revolutionary group of northern Spain who used
Shining Path
a terrorist group formed in Peru in the late 1960s as a splinter group from the
Nelson Mandela
First black president of South Africa
Detente
A policy of reducing Cold War tensions that was adopted by the United States
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT)
series of meetings in the 70s, in which leaders of
perestrolka
the restructuring of the economy and the government instituted in the Soviet
glasnost
a policy of the Soviet government allowing freer discussion of social problems
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty
Arms limitation agreement settled by Ronald
Jackson State University
10 days after Kent State shooting, this black school in Mississippi
Ronald Reagan
1981-1989,”Great Communicator” Republican, conservative economic
Mikhail Gorbachev
Head of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. His liberalization effort
Green Revolution
Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield
genetic engineering
Process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms
shipping containers
large metal boxes used to store goods on ships; can be easily removed
antibiotic
a medicine used to save lives because it destroys harmful bacteria and cures
birth control
Any method used to reduce births, including celibacy, delayed marriage,
fertility rates
Average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing years
vaccine
A harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen that stimulates a host’s immune
Pandemic
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high
Malaria
A disease caused by mosquitoes implanting parasites in the blood.
Tuberculosis
An infectious disease that may affect almost all tissues of the body, especially the
Cholera
an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food
Jonas Salk
Developed the polio vaccine in 1952
Albert Sabin
Developed an even better, oral vaccine for polio and used it to allow for the
Polio
A highly contagious infectious disease of the spinal cord caused by a filterable virus.
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
Ebola
A contagious viral disease originating in Africa. It is transmitted by blood and body fluids
heart disease
An abnormal organic condition of the heart or of circulation.
Alzheimer ‘s disease
an irreversible, progressive brain disorder, characterized by the
artificial heart
a pump designed to fit into the human chest cavity and perform the heart’s
heart transplant
the surgical replacement of a diseased heart with a healthy one
Green Party
A minor party dedicated to the environment, social justice, nonviolence, and the
deforestation
the destruction of forest land
greenhouse gases
Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor, and
fossil fuels
coal, oil, natural gas, petroleum
renewable energy
A resource that has a theoretically unlimited supply and is not depleted
global warming
An increase in the average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere
carbon footprint
the total carbon dioxide emissions produced by an individual, group, or
Asian Tigers
Collective name for South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore-nations
Maquiladora
Factories built by US companies in Mexico near the US border to take advantage
Mercosur
Pact among Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay to establish a free trade
Negritude
Literary movement in Africa; attempted to combat racial stereotypes of African
Pope Francis
He is the current Bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church
Dalits
Members of India’s “lowest” caste; literally, “broken people.” Also called “Untouchables.”
Online Commerce
The buying and selling of goods and services, or the transmitting of funds
Rana Plaza factory
Factory in Bangladesh that collapsed killing thousands of women and
Ecotourism
the practice and business of recreational travel based on concern for the
fair trade
Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker
sustainable development
Development that meets the needs of the present without
Brexit
The British Exit from the European Union
Uighurs
a group of Muslim, Turkic speaking people from central Asia
World Bank
A specialized agency of the United Nations that makes loans to countries for
International Monetary Foundation
Regulates worldwide commerce
World Food Program (WFP)
Provides direct food aid and food for work interventions during
UNESCO
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization; designates
Caste reservation system
the government guaranteed that a certain percentage of
Manal al-Sharif
women’s rights activist
International Peace Bureau
Non-governmental global network of organizations and countries
Institutional Revolutionary Party-(PRI)
the political party introduced in 1929 in Mexico that helped to introduce democracy and maintain political stability for much of the 20th century
Turkification
A process of cultural change designed to make all citizens of the empire feel a part of a common Turkish heritage and society
