WH- Test #2 Flashcards
Ancient Japan’s Social Structure
Emperor, Shogun, Diamyos, Samurai, Peasants (respected because they worked the land), Artisans, Merchants
Feudalism in Europe
Peasants worked for knights, knights worked for nobles, and nobles worked for kings, all in exchange for land and protection.
The Crusade’s impact on Europe
Europe reconnected with the rest of the world.
The Crusade’s impact on feudalism
It was one of the factors that eventually led to the end of feudalism
The Bubonic Plague’s impact
It leads to money and banks because peasants demanded money for doing 2x the work (led to the end of feudalism)
Papal Supremacy
God > Pope > King
Science during the Dark Ages
Everything had to fit the Catholic Church’s teachings, so little science emerged.
Magna Carta impact on feudalism
King John was forced to sign an agreement that nobles (and eventually all citizens) had natural rights and monarchs must obey all laws which was a factor in ending feudalism.
The Great Schism
The religious split between Eastern and Western Christianity. The Eastern Orthodox Church has similar customs to Roman Catholic Church but doesn’t accept the Pope. The Eastern Orthodox Church accepts the Pope.
The Hundred Year’s War impact on feudalism
Castles and armored knights began to disappear because of the long bow and cannon.
Columbus’ impact on America
He caused many European settlers to colonize and settle in the Americas and also forced out many Indigenous peoples and created the Encomienda System.
The Renaissance
Begins in Italy and spreads around Europe in the 1200s. Creativity and change in political, social, economic, and cultural norms in Europe. Greece and Rome knowledge, art, and society so they begin to read about their former culture to try and revive it again.
Italian merchant’s renaissance impact
Wealthy merchants invest in the arts and it sparks the Renaissance.
Humanism
people focused less on religion and more on science and math (greater good, not afterlife)
Martin Luther
A Benedictine monk who wrote 95 Theses and exposed corruption in the Catholic Church.
Indulgences
“Licenses” issued by the Catholic Church to sin, but not have it affect your time in purgatory.
The Protestant Reformation
The Catholic Church was corrupt. The highest bidder became the pope, they were concerned more with material items, and they punished people with ex-communication and heresy. Martin Luther started the Reformation with his 95 Theses and people started to make their own decisions.
Johann Gutenberg and the printing press
A game changer that allowed works of literature to be accessible to common people.
Smallpox’s impact on the new world
Smallpox brought over by Europeans killed 90% of Indigenous Peoples and it helps Cortez conquer the Aztecs.
Social order in feudal Japan
Artisans and merchants were lower than peasants because they were seen as less respectable because they didn’t work the land.
Zheng He and his reason for canceling the voyages.
Zheng He was the commander of a naval expedition that traveled as far as Africa. He canceled because 1. There was no profit. 2. China was so far ahead there was no point. 3. They were scared other countries might influence China’s society (isolationism for 300 years)
Foot Binding and other issues women faced in China
Women’s feet were bound and they ran the house and finances and couldn’t remarry.
The Mongol Empire and its unintentional positive impacts on the world.
The Mongols were superior horseback riders. They traveled very fast. They helped stabilize a weak China, kept the Silk Road, and caused Pax Mongolica (a time of peace throughout Asia and the Middle East.)
Marco Polo’s impact on relations between Europe and China
his book sparked interest in China’s riches by Europeans who read it
The Encomienda System
consisted of conquistadors- Spanish settlers who conquered the indigenous people and became lords of the new world
The Colombian Exchange
the exchange of goods, animals, plants, and culture between the old world and the new world
The Triangle Trade
Three-legged trade network between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. 1st leg: Europe to Africa- guns, cloth, rum
2nd leg: Middle Passage- African slaves to Americas.
3rd leg: America to Europe- sugar, molasses, tobacoo, raw goods.
Middle Passage
Slaves traveled on boats tightly packed in to travel to the Americas to work on plantations.
Tamerlane’s Conquests
Commanded 35,000 armed horseback riders through Russia that kill 1/2 of pop. Russia loses contact with Western Europe which is slowly emerging from the Dark Ages. He takes over what is left of the Delhi Sultanate and becomes a Muslim, but destroys Islamic cities
Kublai Khans conquests
Topples Song Dynasty
Genghis Khan’s conquests
tolerant of other religious faiths, mercy was not shown to those who opposed him, long they fought the worse the response from the Mongols.
british east india company takeover of Mughal Empire
They raised armies to protect profit and paid Sepoys (indian troops loyal to the company) to gain control of the Mughal Empire.
