WH Phys

Question 1

Which hormone recruits 6-12 follicles to begin to develop?

Answer 1

FSH

Question 2

Which hormone surges, causing ovulation, and subsequent formation of corpus luteum (CL)?

Answer 2

LH

Question 3

If there is no pregnancy, then there is no ______.

Answer 3

hCG

Question 4

What hormone triggers the pulse generator for HPO axis?

Answer 4

kisspeptin

Question 5

Name the two phases of the ovarian cycle

Answer 5

follicular phase

luteal phase

Question 6

Name two phases of endometrial cycle

Answer 6

proliferation phase

secretory phase

Question 7

FSH or LH: in beginning days of female cycle, which hormone is higher?

Answer 7

FSH is slightly higher

Question 8

FSH or LH: in middle of female cycle (~day 14), which hormone spikes much higher than the other?

Answer 8

LH spikes much higher

Question 9

Theca Cells: make _____ and supply _____ to granulosa cells

Answer 9

progesterone

androgens

Question 10

Theca cells cannot make ______

Answer 10

estrogens

Question 11

name hormones that lead from progesterone to androgens in the Theca Cells

Answer 11

17 alpha-hydroxylase

or

17,20 lyase

Question 12

name the only receptors found on theca cells

Answer 12

LH and LDL

Question 13

name the receptors found on granulosa cells

Answer 13

LH

LDL

FSH

Question 14

granulosa cells convert androgens into estrogens via __________.

Answer 14

aromatase

Question 15

granulosa cells also produce _____& _____, but can’t make their own ________

Answer 15

progesterone & inhibin

androgens

“Granulosa cells also produce progesterone & inhibin, but can’t make their own androgens.”

Question 16

higher estrogen levels results in (one of two)

Answer 16

higher granulosa FSH-R expression

Question 17

higher estrogen levels results in (two of two)

Answer 17

higher systemic PR (progesterone receptor) expression and ER (estrogen receptor) expression

Question 18

name two types of estrogen receptor (ER) genes

Answer 18

alpha and beta

Question 19

where are alpha ER isoforms usually found?

Answer 19

BREAST, endometrium, hypothalamus

Question 20

where are beta ER (estrogen receptor) isoforms usually found?

Answer 20

granulosa cells, BONE, brain, endothelial cells

Question 21

70% of breast cancers overexpress _____

Answer 21

estrogen receptors (ER)

Question 22

the SERM Tamoxifen is a breast ______ and a bone _____

Answer 22

alpha-antagonist

beta-agonist

the SERM Tamoxifen is a breast alpha-antagonist and a bone beta-agonist - so we can boost/protect bone but reduce breast ER overexpression!

Question 23

MITTELSCHMERZ

Answer 23

great German word

“middle pain”
ovulation pain aka mid-cycle pain

can last hours to days
20% of women experience this
can mimic appendicitis (sudden onset of pain in LR quadrant)

Question 24

what causes foramen ovale to close in the neonate?

Answer 24

pulmonary vascular resistance decreases due to expansion of lungs –> pulm artery pressure, R ventricular pressure, R atrial pressure ALL FALL –> the pressure gradient which used to be greater from right to left is now greater from left to right, and septal flap is pushed closed…it eventually seals over.