WH Phys Flashcards
Which hormone recruits 6-12 follicles to begin to develop?
FSH
Which hormone surges, causing ovulation, and subsequent formation of corpus luteum (CL)?
LH
If there is no pregnancy, then there is no ______.
hCG
What hormone triggers the pulse generator for HPO axis?
kisspeptin
Name the two phases of the ovarian cycle
follicular phase
luteal phase
Name two phases of endometrial cycle
proliferation phase
secretory phase
FSH or LH: in beginning days of female cycle, which hormone is higher?
FSH is slightly higher
FSH or LH: in middle of female cycle (~day 14), which hormone spikes much higher than the other?
LH spikes much higher
Theca Cells: make _____ and supply _____ to granulosa cells
progesterone
androgens
Theca cells cannot make ______
estrogens
name hormones that lead from progesterone to androgens in the Theca Cells
17 alpha-hydroxylase
or
17,20 lyase
name the only receptors found on theca cells
LH and LDL
name the receptors found on granulosa cells
LH
LDL
FSH
granulosa cells convert androgens into estrogens via __________.
aromatase
granulosa cells also produce _____& _____, but can’t make their own ________
progesterone & inhibin
androgens
“Granulosa cells also produce progesterone & inhibin, but can’t make their own androgens.”
higher estrogen levels results in (one of two)
higher granulosa FSH-R expression
higher estrogen levels results in (two of two)
higher systemic PR (progesterone receptor) expression and ER (estrogen receptor) expression
name two types of estrogen receptor (ER) genes
alpha and beta
where are alpha ER isoforms usually found?
BREAST, endometrium, hypothalamus
where are beta ER (estrogen receptor) isoforms usually found?
granulosa cells, BONE, brain, endothelial cells
70% of breast cancers overexpress _____
estrogen receptors (ER)
the SERM Tamoxifen is a breast ______ and a bone _____
alpha-antagonist
beta-agonist
the SERM Tamoxifen is a breast alpha-antagonist and a bone beta-agonist - so we can boost/protect bone but reduce breast ER overexpression!
MITTELSCHMERZ
great German word
“middle pain”
ovulation pain aka mid-cycle pain
can last hours to days
20% of women experience this
can mimic appendicitis (sudden onset of pain in LR quadrant)
what causes foramen ovale to close in the neonate?
pulmonary vascular resistance decreases due to expansion of lungs –> pulm artery pressure, R ventricular pressure, R atrial pressure ALL FALL –> the pressure gradient which used to be greater from right to left is now greater from left to right, and septal flap is pushed closed…it eventually seals over.
