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World History > WH Final Review > Flashcards

WH Final Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Culture

A

Knowledge beliefs customs and values of a group of people

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2
Q

Archeology

A

The study of the past based on what people left behind

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3
Q

Historians

A

People that study history

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4
Q

Fossil

A

Part or imprint of something that was once alive

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5
Q

Primary source

A

An account of an event told by someone who took part lr witnessed an event

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6
Q

Secondary source

A

Information gathered by someone who did not take part or witness an event

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7
Q

Geography

A

Study of the earth’s physical and cultural features

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8
Q

Lamdform

A

Natural features of a land’s surface

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9
Q

Climate

A

Pattern of weather conditions in a certain area over a long period of time

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10
Q

Environment

A

It includes all the living and nonliving things that affect life in an area

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11
Q

2 main branches of geography

A

Human and physical

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12
Q

Region

A

Area with one or mire features that make it different from surrounding areas

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13
Q

Location

A

Exact description of where something is

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14
Q

Mesopotamia

A

Land between 2 rivers

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15
Q

Fertile crescent

A

Large area of rich or fertile farmland

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16
Q

Irrigation

A

Way of supplying water from area of land

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17
Q

Canal

A

Human made water ways

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18
Q

What made civilization possible in Mesopotamia?

A

Plant of crops and irrigation

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19
Q

Where was Mesopotamia?

A

Between the tigris and the euphrates river

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20
Q

City state

A

Consists of a city and the countryside around it

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21
Q

Empire

A

Land with different territories and people under a single rule

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22
Q

Polytheism

A

Worship of many gods

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23
Q

Cuneiform

A

World’s first writing system

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24
Q

How did the Sumerians write?

A

On clay tablets with a stylus

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25
Q

What was one of the most important technical developments of Sumer?

A

Wheel

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26
Q

What was at the center of most Sumerian cities?

A

The temple

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27
Q

Monarch

A

Ruler of a kingdom or empire

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28
Q

When did Hammurabi become Babylonian’s king?

A

1792 BC

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29
Q

What was the most important contribution of the Phoenicians to our civilization?

A

Alphabet

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30
Q

Subcontinent

A

A large landmass that is smaller than a continent

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31
Q

Mossons

A

Seasonal wind patterns that carve wet and dry seasons

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32
Q

What were the 2 main cities of the Harappan civilization?

A

Harrapa and Mohenjo Doro

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33
Q

From where did the Aryans come?

A

The are around the caspian sea in central asia

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34
Q

Where did the Harappan civilization develop?

A

Indus River Valley

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35
Q

Caste system

A

It divided indian society into groups based on a person’s wealth, birth or occupation.

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36
Q

Himduism

A

Largest religion in india today

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37
Q

History

A

Study of the past

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38
Q

Karma

A

The effects that good or bad actions have on a person’s soul

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39
Q

Nirvana

A

State of perfect peace

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40
Q

Buddahism

A

Religion based on the teachings of Buddha

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41
Q

Judaism

A

The jew’s religion

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42
Q

Exoudus

A

When Moses led the people out of Egypt

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43
Q

Abraham

A

He left Mesopotamia and settled in Canaan. God told him to leave his home and he promised to lead him to a new land

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44
Q

Diaspora

A

The dispersal of the Jews outside of Israel and Judah

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45
Q

Monotheism

A

The belief in one God

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46
Q

Torah

A

The most sacred text of the Jews

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47
Q

Sinagoge

A

Jewish house of worship

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48
Q

What 2 mayor religions were influenced by Judaism?

A

Christianism and Islam

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49
Q

Zealots

A

The most rebellious of the Jews

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50
Q

Passover

A

A time for jewish to remember the exodus

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51
Q

On what geographic feature is Greece located?

A

Peninsula

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52
Q

Where was the Minoan Civilization located?

A

On an island (Crete)

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53
Q

Classical age

A

One that is marked by great achievements

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54
Q

Acropolis

A

High hill

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55
Q

Democracy

A

Type of government in which the people rule themselves

56
Q

Oligarchy

A

Government in which only a few people have power

57
Q

Who was the father of democracy in Athens?

A

Cleisthenes

58
Q

Direct democracy

A

When all citizens could participate directly in the government

59
Q

Aristocrats

A

Rich landowners

60
Q

Per ices

A

He overthrew the oligarchy in 546 BC and became the ruler of Athens. He was a tyrant

61
Q

Mythology

A

A body of stories about gods and heroes that try to explain how the world works

62
Q

Greek gods

A

Zeus, Hera, Hades, Hestia, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Aphrodite, Hephasteus, Dionysus, Hermes, Athena, Poseidon, Dementer.

63
Q

Homer

A

He was a Greek poet. His poems were central to the Greek education system. They’re considered some of the greatest literary works ever produced

64
Q

What are Homer’s most famous works?

A

Odyssey and Iliad

65
Q

What was the purpose of the Olympic Games?

A

To honor the gods

66
Q

Fables

A

Short stories that teach the reader about life, how to live

67
Q

How many kings officially ruled Sparta?

A

2

68
Q

What was the most important element of Spartan society?

A

Soldiers (army)

69
Q

How long did Spartan men had to stay in the army?

A

40 years

70
Q

Which city state won the Penopolatian war?

A

Sparta

71
Q

Write a Greek contribution

A

Art

72
Q

Who were Socrates Plato and Aristotle?

A

Greek philosophers

73
Q

Reason

A

Clear and other thinking

74
Q

Hippocraties

A

He was the greatest Greek doctor. He wanted to figure out what caused diseases so he could better treat them. He is known for his ideas about how doctors should behave

75
Q

Euclid

A

He spend his life studying mathematics. He was interested in geometry, the study of lines, angles and shapes. Many of the geometry rules were made by him

76
Q

What 2 types of drama did the Greek invent?

A

Tradegy and comedian

77
Q

Oasis

A

A wet fertile land in the desert

78
Q

Caravan

A

Group of traders that travel together

79
Q

Islam

A

The messages Muhammad received form the basis of this religion

80
Q

How did Islam spread in Arabia?

A

In 622, Muhammad went to Media, Arabia. He became a spiritual and political leader. In 630 after several years of fighting the people of Mecca accepted Islam as their religion

81
Q

Muslims

A

The followers of Islam

82
Q

Mosque

A

Building for Muslim prayer

83
Q

Write are the 5 pillars of Islam

A
  1. Saying there is no God but God and Muhammad is his prophet. 2. Praying 5 times a day 3. Fast during Ramadan 4. Giving to the poor and needy 5. Traveling to Mecca at least once on a Haji
84
Q

What are the 5 pillars of Islam?

A

5 acts of worship required of all Muslims

85
Q

Caliph

A

A title that Muslims use for the leader of Islam

86
Q

What city became the Ottoman Empire

A

Constantinople

87
Q

Tolerance

A

Acceptance

88
Q

Calligraphy

A

Decorative writing

89
Q

Observatory

A

Building from which people could study the sky

90
Q

What happened to the maya after 900?

A

People stopped building temples and other structures. They left the cities and moved back to the country side. There are different ideas.

  • the burden on the common people
  • increased warfare
  • not produce enough food because the soil was weak
  • climate change
91
Q

How did the Aztecs rise to power?

A

They settled on a Swampy island in the middle of lake Texcoco. In 1325 they began building their capital and conquering nearby towns. They fought fiercely and demanded tribute payments from the people they conquered.

92
Q

About when did the Aztec empire become the most powerful state in Mesoamerica?

A

Early 1400s

93
Q

How was life different in Tenochitlilan during the Aztec empire?

A

It was an island to it had limited amount for farming so they created floating gardens called chimpas

94
Q

Conquistador

A

Spanish conquerors

95
Q

Moctesuma

A

He was the Aztec emperor. He believed Cortes to be the god Quetzalcoatl

96
Q

Hernan Cortes

A

He was the leader of conquistadors in 1519. They wanted to find gold, claim land and conquer naitive people

97
Q

Pachacuts

A

He was a ruler who began to expand Inca territories

98
Q

Quechua

A

Official Inca language

99
Q

How did the Incas control their empire?

A

Pachicuti removed local leaders and replaced the. With new officials he trusted

100
Q

Atagualpa

A

He won the war in 1532. He fought to claim the throne

101
Q

Francisco Pizzaro

A

He organized expeditions to explore the west coast of South America

102
Q

Excomunicate

A

Cast out from the church

103
Q

What was the Pope’s role in the Roman Catholic Church?

A

He was the leader of the Church

104
Q

With whom did Pope Gregory 7 clash?

A

Henry IV

105
Q

Where does the word Crusade come from?

A

From Latin (marked with a cross)

106
Q

Which countries took part in the third crusade?

A

England, France, Holy Roman Empire

107
Q

Saladin

A

Leader of the Muslims

108
Q

Clergy

A

Church officials

109
Q

Cathedral

A

Large. Birches in which bishops led religious services

110
Q

Black Death

A

A deathly plague that swept through Europe Between 1347 and 1351

111
Q

Trade city

A

Trading center cities in a country

112
Q

Renaissance

A

Period that followed the Middle Ages

113
Q

Miguel Angelo

A

He painted the Sistine chapel ceiling, sculptured David, designed buildings and wrote poetry

114
Q

Leonardo Davinci

A

He painted the Mona Lisa. Studied geology, chemistry and anatomy. He designed buildings, canals and weapons. He sketched engines and flying cars

115
Q

Why did Davinci study anatomy

A

To make art more real. Anatomy is the structure of the human body

116
Q

Which 2 inventions help spread renaissance beyond Italy?

A

Paper and printing

117
Q

Reformation

A

A reform movement against the Roman Catholic Church

118
Q

Martin Lutheran

A

He was a priest who in October 31, 1517 nailed a list of complains about the church to the door of a church in Wittenberg. His list is called the 95 themes. Pope Leo V executed him. He began the Lutheran church and it became the dominant church in northern Germany

119
Q

Federalism

A

The sharing of power between local government and strong central government

120
Q

Coup d’état

A

A forceful overthrow of a government

121
Q

Conservatism

A

A movement to preserve the old social order and government

122
Q

Liberalism

A

A movement for individual rights and liberties

123
Q

What european countries ruled Latin America?

A

Portugal and Spain

124
Q

What was the first colony in Latin America to gain independence?

A

Haiti (a Caribbean island)

125
Q

What was the industrial revolution?

A

Starting in the early 1700s, a series of new inventions that completely changed the way goods were made. Machines in factories began to perform the work that before was done by hand

126
Q

Nationalism

A

Devotion and loyalty to one’s country

127
Q

Imperialism

A

Control of a region or country by another country

128
Q

What were the main causes of WW1?

A

On June 28, 1914 a Siberian nationalist killed Archduke Francis Ferdinand, the heir to the throne and his wife. Seeking revenge, Austria- Hungary de later war on Serbia

129
Q

Communism

A

Economic and political system in which the government owns all business and controls the economy

130
Q

What were the central powers in WW1?

A

Austria-Hungary and Germany

131
Q

Who were the allies in WW1?

A

Great Britain, France and Russia

132
Q

Facism

A

Political philosophy based on a nationalism and strong government

133
Q

Which countries were axis powers in WW1?

A

Germany Italy and Japan

134
Q

Holocaust

A

The nazi’s effort to wipe out the jewish people

135
Q

Cold War

A

A period of tense rivaly between the superpowers but no direct fighting

136
Q

Osama Bin Ladden

A

A Muslim extremist based in Afghanistan, who ordered ,au attacks of terrorism. He used the Qaeda, a terrorism group to wage war on the USA

137
Q

Terrorism

A

Criminal activity involving the use of violence to create fear and to push for political change

World History (1 decks)

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