WH FINAL Flashcards
Imperialism
Takeover of weak non-industrialized country by a stranger industrialized country.
Who were the aggressors of Imperialism?
Europe and USA
Who were the victims of Imperialism?
Africa, Asia, Latin and South America
What are the factors that led to imperialism? (6)
- *The need for natural resources to keep industry producing.
- The desire for new markets to sell their goods.
- Competition for world power.
- Racism (belief that European culture was better - came out of Social Darwinism)
- “Civilize the world” - belief that European responsibility to teach them European culture.
- Christianize the world; convert to Christianity.
What country was the dominant power during this time period?
Great Britain
Why did they say “the sun never set on Britain Empire”?
Because of how large it was.. largest in history.
What continent was called the “Dark Continent”? Why?
Africa; because it was so unknown by the Europeans.
Who was the first European to explore Africa?
David Livingstone.
What did Livingstone write about?
- Wrote a series of articles abt his travels for an American newspaper (source of income).
- Wrote about the people, natural beauty and vast resources of Africa.
Who did they send to find Livingstone after he had disappeared?
Reporter Henry Stanley.
What Belgian king became interested in the Congo area of Africa? What does he do in his time there?
King Leopold II; makes it into his own “private plantation” - exploits and enslaves the locals into harvesting rubber and ivory,
What book exposed the horrors of Imperialism? Who wrote it?
“Heart of Darkness” by Joseph Conrad
What book was an attempt to justify Imperialism? Who wrote it?
“White Man’s Burden” by Rudyard Kipling.
What did the discovery of Congo create?
“Scramble for Africa” among the European nations.
**What was the Berlin Conference?
European nations divided up Africa among themselves - Africans had no say in the matter.
What 2 countries got most of North Africa?
French and British.
What country had mostly West Africa?
The French
Who had Central Africa?
Belgium
East Africa and South Africa?
Mostly British
**What 2 nations controlled the largest areas in Africa?
Britain and France
What 3 groups fight over South Africa?
Zulu (locals), Dutch, and British.
Who were the first group to settle in South Africa? Where in South Africa?
The Dutch; in Cape Town colony.
What were the Dutch’s 3 new colonies?
Transvaal, Orange Free State, Nadal.
What was discovered in the Dutch Colonies? What happens because of this discovery?
Gold and Diamonds; The Boar War (British and the Dutch go to war because the British want the Dutch Colonies - British win).
Who controlled the Union of South Africa until 1961?
British
What is Aparthaid?
“separarations”. Policy of racial segreation in South Africa - ended in 1994.
**Who is the Father of South Africa?
Nelson Mandella
What is Paternalism?
Policy in which Europeans governed weaker countries like their parents. Idea that weaker nations can’t rule themselves. **Took care of their needs but gave them no rights.
What is Assimilation?
A policy in which weaker nations are expected to give up their culture and adopt the European culture. **Forced to learn the European’s language, religion, dress and way of life.
What are the four forms of Imperialism?
- Colony (*Most common) - when a country/territory is governed internally by a foreign country.
- Protectorate/Puppet - when a country/territory appears to be governed by its own leaders but its actually under the power of an outside country.
- Sphere of Influence - a country/ terr. where the foreign power has exclusive trading rights.
- Economic Imperialism - a country/ terr. is controlled by a private business rather than by a country.
Why did most attempts to resist colon./imper. fail?
- Europeans had superior weapons.
- Intertribal warfare - would not unite against common foe.
- Superstitions
What was the Maji Maji Rebellion?
Failed attempt at resisting imperialism. Believed that magic water would protect them against German bullets.
