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WH Definitions > WH Definitions > Flashcards

WH Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Nullipara

A

a woman who has never been pregnant beyond 20 weeks gestation

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2
Q

Gravid

A

the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome

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3
Q

Para / parity

A

the number of babies born >20 weeks gestation

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4
Q

Gx Px

A 
Gx = the number of times a woman has been pregnant 
Px = the number of babies born to a woman >20 weeks g estation
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5
Q

Abortion / miscarriage

A

loss of a pregnancy at less than 20 weeks gestation

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6
Q

Labour

A

regular paunful uterine contractions associated with cervical changes (effacement, dilation…) > 20 weeks gestation

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7
Q

Preterm labour

A

labour at less than 37weeks gestation

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8
Q

Lower uterine segment casarean section

A

operative delivery of a baby via a transverse incision through the lower segment of the uterus

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9
Q

Classical caesarean section

A

operative delivery of a baby through a vertical incision in the upper uterine segment

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10
Q

Hysterotomy

A

operative delivery of a baby

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11
Q

PROM

prelabour rupture of membranes

A

rupture of membranes prior to the onset of labour

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12
Q

Premature prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM)

A

prelabour rupture of membranes at less than 37 weeks gestation

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13
Q

ARM/AROM

A

artificial rupture of membranes

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14
Q

SPROM

A

spontaneous rupture of membranes

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15
Q

Braxton Hicks contractions

A

painless uterine contractions in the antenatal period

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16
Q

Naegles rule

A

can estimate the period of confinement by 9mo + 7wks after a woman’s LMP

*needs to be adjusted for women whose cycles are not 28days

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17
Q

First stage of labour

A

from onset of labour –> full cervical dilation

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18
Q

Second stage of labour

A

from full cervical dilation –> delivery of baby

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19
Q

Third stage of labour

A

from delivery of baby –> delivery of placenta + membranes

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20
Q

Spurious / false labour

A

+/- regular and/or painful uterine contractions not associated with any cervical changes (dilation, effacement…)

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21
Q

Oxytocic

A

agents stimulating uterine contraction

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22
Q

Tocolytic

A

agents halting uterine contractions

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23
Q

Induction of labour

A

process of causing labour to commence

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24
Q

Augmentation of labour

A

enhancing/stimulating labour that has already started

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25
Q

Placenta praevia

A

placenta is covering the internal cervical os in late second/third trimester of pregnancy

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26
Q

Vasa praevia

A

foetal vessels lying in the membrnaes in front of the presenting part

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27
Q

Antepartum haemorrhage

A

bleeding >5mL from the vagina >20wks gestation

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28
Q

Abruption

A

placenta comes away from the uterine wall in the antenatal / intrapartum period

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29
Q

PPH

postpartum haehmorrhage

A

loss of >500mL of blood

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30
Q

Seondary PPH

postpartum haemorrhage

A

loss of >500mL of blood >24h following delivery

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31
Q

Placenta accreta

A

placenta invades the myometrium

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32
Q

Uterine atony

A

abnormal relaxation of the uterus following delivery – usually results in bleeding

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33
Q

Isoimmunisation

A

blood group antibodies cross the placenta –> haemolysis of foetal blood cells

Ab include:

  • D
  • c
  • K (kell)
  • Kidd
  • Duffy
  • etc…
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34
Q

CTG

A

cardiotocograph

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35
Q

Neonatal death

A

death 20weeks gestation / >400g birthweight (if gestation is unknown)

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36
Q

Stillbirth

A

infant who shows no signs of life at birth >20 weeks gestation / >400g birthweight (if gestation is unknown)

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37
Q

Perinatal mortality rate

A

stillbirths / neonatal deaths per 1000 birthds

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38
Q

Maternal death

A

death of a woman while pregnant (regardless of gestational age) or

39
Q

Maternal mortality rate

A

maternal deaths per 100,000 live births

40
Q

Infant death

A

death of a baby >28 days,

41
Q

Station

A

level of descent of the presenting part relative to the pelvic brim / symthesis on abdominal palpation / to the ischial spines on vaginal examination

42
Q

Lie

A

relationship between the long axis of the foestus + uterus

longitudinal, oblique, transverse

43
Q

Position

A

relationship of a defined area of the presenting part (DENOMINATOR) to the mother’s pelvis

e. g. in cephalic presentation, denominator = occiput –> OA (occipito-anterio), OP (posterior), L/ROT (left/right transverse)
e. g. in breech the denominator is the sacrum (SA, SP, L/RST)

44
Q

Presentation

A

the part of the foetus presenting (e.g. vertex, breech)

45
Q

Asynclitism

A

side to side tilt of foetal head

46
Q

Caput

A

oedema from obstructed venous return in foetal scalp during pregnancy (due to pressure of head against cervic)

47
Q

Cervical incompetence

A

painless dilation of cervix >20weeks gestation resulting in preterm labour

48
Q

cord prolapse

A

cord is alongside / below the presenting part in the presence of ruptured membranes

49
Q

episiotomy

A

surgical incision of perineum during second stage of labour

50
Q

Third degree tear

A

perineal trauma including

  • vaginal mucosa
  • perineal muscles
  • external anal sphincter
51
Q

second degree tear

A

perineal trauma including

  • vaginal mucosa
  • perineal muscles
52
Q

Lochia

A

vaginal discharge during peuperium

53
Q

puerperium

A

period (usually ~6weeks following delivery) where maternal reproductive organs return to original pre-pregnant size

54
Q

quickening

A

maternal impression of foetal movement

55
Q

restitution

A

rotation of foetal head after delivery to align with the back + shoulders

56
Q

Show

A

vaginal discharge of blood + mucus in early labour / the days preceding labour

57
Q

Phototherapy

A

use of standard fluorescent white light / blue light to photoisomerise bilirubin to allow its excretion

58
Q

exchange transfusion

A

blood is removed + replaced with donor blood to treat severe newborn pathological jaundice

(removes bili + antibodies causing haemolysis + jaundice)

59
Q

low birthweight baby

A

BW

60
Q

very low birthweight baby

A

BW

61
Q

Neonatal respiratory distress

A

tachypnoea, increased WOB, noisy breathing, and cyanosis in the neonatal period

62
Q

Caesarean hysterectomy

A

laparotomy where contents of the gravid uterus are delivered + the uterus is excised

(e.g. due to placenta accreta)

63
Q

perimortem CS

A

C-section performed on a moribund/dead woman with the view to preserving her life

64
Q

abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)

A

disturbed menstrual bleeding including bleeding that is abnormally heavy / timed

65
Q

primary amenorrhoea

A

no onset periods

66
Q

secondary amenorrhea

A

absence of periods for >6 month period

67
Q

intermenstrual bleeding

A

bleeding between normally-timed menstrual periods (random / following cyclic pattern)

68
Q

irregular menstrual bleeding

A

unpredictable onset of menstrual periods with cycle variation >20 days over a period of >1y

69
Q

prolonged menstrual bleeding

A

menstruation >8days

70
Q

Acute AUB

abnormal uterine bleeding

A

episode of heavy bleeding that is sufficiently heavy (in clinician’s opinion) to warrant treatment to prevent further blood loss

71
Q

chronic AUB

abnormal uterine bleeding

A

bleeding from uterine corpus that is abnormal in volume, duration +/ frequency + has been present for most of the past 6mo

72
Q

Heavy menstrual bleeding

A

excessive menstrual blood loss blood loss that interferes with woman’s physical, social, emotional, or materal QOL

n.b. definition includes excessive as per the patient

73
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

pain during menstruation

74
Q

Dyspareunia

A

pain during sexual intercourse

75
Q

Cervical excitation

A

pain during movement of the cervix during vaginal examination

76
Q

Cervical ectropion

A

endocervical columnar epithelium protrudes through external cervical os –> into the vaginal portion of the cervix

77
Q

infertility

A

failure of a couple to conceive after 1y of trying

78
Q

endometriosis

A

presence of endometrium outside of the uterus (usually pelvic/peritoneal surfaces)

79
Q

adenomyosis

A

presence of endometrium in the myometrium

80
Q

PID

A

inflammation of

  • uterus
  • fallopian tubes
  • pelvis
81
Q

menopause

A

final menstrual period

82
Q

premature menopaise

A

menopause at less than 40yo

83
Q

climacteric / perimenopause

A

period of decline in ovarian function + onset of menopausal symptoms

84
Q

post menopause

A

time following menopuase

85
Q

Lactational amenorrhoea

A

effective contraception when a woman is fully breastfeeding a baby

86
Q

oligohydramnios

A

reduced amniotic fluid

87
Q

polyhydramnios

A

increased amniotic fluid

88
Q

pre-eclampsia

A

HTN + proteinuria during pregnancy

89
Q

eclampsia

A

a seizure in the setting of pre-eclampsia (HTN + Proteinuria during pregnancy)

90
Q

amniocentesis

A

sampling of amniotic fluid via a needle through the woman’s abdominal wall

91
Q

CVS (chorionic villus sampling)

A

sampling of the chorion (placenta) using a US-guided needle

92
Q

retain placenta

A

placenta still in utero 1h+ after delivery of the baby

93
Q

precipitate labour

A

labour of less than 4h duration

94
Q

shoulder dystocia

A

difficulty delivery the shoulder after delivery of the head

WH Definitions (1 decks)

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