WH Benchmark Flashcards
According the the Five Pillars of Islam, every Muslim must
give charity to the poor
The first prophet of Islam was
Muhammad
The birthplace of Islam was
Mecca
The holy book of Islam is the
Quran
The two main groups within Islam are
Shiites and Sunnis
The Renaissance began in:
Italy
How did Italy’s location help make it the starting point for the Renaissance?
its location allowed trade with Muslim world
The Renaissance was characterized by:
- the idea that people can shape their own destinies
- revival of interest in Greek and Roman civilizations
- the emphasis on humanism
Groups that revolted against the Catholic Church and formed separate Christian churches during the
Reformation were known as:
Protestants
The Reformation began when:
Martin Luther publicly criticized the Church for selling indulgences
What is one belief of Luther that differed from Church practices?
he believed Christians would be saved only by faith
The English Reformation began as a result of the:
Pope’s refusal to annul Henry VIII’s marriage
Which of the following inventions contributed to the spread of ideas in the late Renaissance,
Reformation and Scientific Revolution?
the printing press
Why was Copernicus’s theory revolutionary?
It contradicted the teachings of the Church
The English Bill of Rights:
- gave the House of Commons “the power of the purse”
- forbid the us of cruel and unusual punishment against English citizens
- created a limited (constitutional) monarchy
The defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English in 1588:
- brought an end to Spain’s colonial monopoly in North America
- signaled the decline of Spain as a major power
- marked the rise of England as a major power
The formation of the Holy Roman Empire was a very significant event in European history because it:
- created the world’s first “superpower” of the modern era
- delayed the development of German unification
- led to the start of the Crimean War
What European nation was the first to seek an all water route to Asia by sailing around Africa?
Portugal
What European nation established colonies along the Mississippi River in present day United States and
along the St. Lawrence River in present day Canada?
France
The European nations that first attempted to sail west across the Atlantic and establish colonies
throughout the Americas?
Spain
What European nation established colonies along the eastern coast of North America?
England
Who wrote that people have a natural right to overthrow the government?
John Locke
Voltaire was a philosopher who defended
freedom of speech
What idea of Montesquieu influenced the United States Constitution?
separation of powers
What British writer favored an absolute monarchy as the best form of government?
Hobbes.
The Enlightenment:
-served as an inspiration for both American and French Revolution
-championed the belief that social problems could be solved by applying reason and
Scientific method
-changed the relationship between rulers and the state to one where the ruler served the
state to support the people
The symbolic start of the French revolution, which occurred on _____, and is celebrated as
French Independence Day is:
July 14, 1789, the storming of the Bastille
Many people saw the Bastille as a symbol of
tyranny
The first estate was made up of
clergy
The second estate consisted of
nobles
The third estate consisted of
Bourgeoisie and peasants
The economic crisis in France was caused by
- failure to reform
- policies of the Estates-General
- bad harvests, costly wars and deficit spending
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen proclaimed all of the following EXCEPT
-equal rights for women
The Committee of Public Safety was headed by:
Maximiian Robespierre
Who invented the Guillotine?
Dr. Guillotin
Which of the following helped Napoleon rise to power?
his military successes
Napoleon’s Continental System was designed to
stops British trade with Europe
What tactic helped the Russians defeat Napoleon?
scorched earth policy
Napoleon’s final defeat in 1815 occurred at
Battle of Waterloo
The Industrial Revolution began in ______________.
Britain
The first industry to develop at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution was the ______industry.
textiles
Industrialization brought about poor working conditions for workers that included:
- working with dangerous machinery
- unhealthy environments in factories
- low wages and long hours
What is one way agriculture helped the population explosion?
-it created a surplus of food
At the beginning of the Industrial Age, labor unions:
- offered workers protection from unfair working conditions
- were helped by the government through legislation
- relied on vandalism and violence as a tactic
How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to imperialism?
Western nations needed natural resources
Many western leaders felt they needed colonies and global empire to
- supply manufactured goods
- create strong nation states
- strengthen national security
During the Industrial Revolution, child labor was used because
- it was previously used on family farms
- they worked for lower wages than adults
- they were easier to control by management
