WH #2 Flashcards
When did the Roman Bishop (Leo I) claim supremacy over all other bishops?
c. 440 AD
When was the Restoration of Icons in the Eastern Church?
c. 843 AD
When did the “Great Schism” (east-west) begin?
c. 1054 AD (ends 1965)
When was Constantinople attacked as part of the Fourth Crusade?
c. 1204 AD
What is canonization?
In the RCC, the definitive sentence by which the pope declares a particular dead person to have already entered into heavenly glory and ordains for the new “saint” a public cult throughout the Church
What is the Ottoman Empire?
Muslim Empire of the Turks, established in northern Asia Minor by Osman I, ultimately capture Constantinople
Who are the Seljuk?
a Turkish dynasty that ruled parts of Asia Minor
Byzantium became what?
Constantinople
What is modern-day Constantinople?
Istanbul, Turkey
What was an advantage of Constantinople’s site?
It was strategically located for commercial and political influence.
Byzantine history can be summarized by what?
periods
What are the four periods of Byzantine history?
Expansion, Peril, Recovery, Disintegration
What is the Expansion Period?
the reign of Justinian
What is the Peril Period?
the iconoclastic controversy
What are icons in the Peril period?
religious images used to foster worship, flat pictures, mosaics
Who were iconoclasts in the Peril period?
people who tried to destroy all icons
What remained a part of Eastern Orthodoxy in the Peril Period?
the veneration of icons was allowed and they remained a part of Eastern Orthodoxy
What is the Recovery Period?
Byzantium experienced a “Golden Age”
What is the Disintegration Period?
The Byzantium Empire began to fall apart : lost at Manzikert to Muslim Seljuk Turks
What is an economic reason for the Byzantine Empire’s Endurance?
They were opposed to a barter economy, instead they possessed a money economy.
What is the militarial reason for the Byzantine Empire’s Endurance?
They possessed advanced military science, “Greek fire” worked like napalm (a fire bomb or flame thrower)
What is the governmental reason for the Byzantine Empire’s endurance?
The Empire was a centralized administration
What was the religious reason for the Byzantine Empire’s endurance?
church/state closely tied
What was the church/state link called and what did it do?
Caesaropapism, it enhanced unity and stability
What was the Orthodox Church considered?
Greek or Eastern
What are the three main branches of Christianity?
Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Protestantism
What do the Orthodox (Greek/Eastern) assert?
the internal witness of the promised Holy Spirit keeps the truth
What does the Roman Catholic Church assert?
asserts spiritual authority in: tradition, the pope, & the Scriptures
What does Protestantism assert?
asserts that spiritual authority rests in the inerrant Word of God (sola scriptura)
What does Orthodox theology emphasize?
emphasizes sanctification-with justification being virtually absent
How did the Barbarian invasions impact Rome?
they brought an upsurge in the Papacy’s rise/position/authority
The Pope’s claim of supreme authority is based on which two factors, which slowly coalesced?
Petrine Theory, Apostolic Succession
What is the Petrine Theory?
The RCC insists that Christ gave to Peter a special rank as the 1st bishop of Rome & leader of the Apostles-Peter was the first pope & all subsequent popes inherited his authority
What is Apostolic Succession?
refers to bishops tracing a direct line of authority through the Apostles back to Christ
