Westmead

Question 1

How does tacrolimus and basliximab work?

Answer 1

Inhibit IL-2 either directly or indirectly

Question 2

What is cocaine toxicity associated with?

Answer 2

Sweating
Hyperthermia
Thirst
Mydriasis

Question 3

Ab associated with stiff person syndrome

Answer 3

Anti-GAD65 ab

Question 4

What is a systemic complication of RA?
A. Nephrotic syndrome 
B. Ascites
C. Cutaneous necrotising vasculitis
D. Myositis
E. Constrictive pericarditis

Answer 4

E. Constrictive pericarditis

Question 5

Which of the following predicts the risk of seizures and arrhythmias in TCA overdose?
A. QRS > 160ms
B. QTC >500ms
C. HR > 100bpm
D. PR interval >200ms 
E. Right axis deviation

Answer 5

A. QRS > 160ms

Question 6

Which of the following steroid medications has the LEAST mineralocorticoid activity?
A. Prednisone 
B. Dexamethasone
C. Methylprednisone
D. Triamcinolone 
E. Hydrocortisone

Answer 6

B. Dexamethasone

Question 7

Which of these agents is predominantly a positive chronotropic agent?
A. Metaraminol
B. Noradrenaline
C. Isoprenaline
D. Levosimendan
E. Milrinone

Answer 7

C. Isoprenaline

Question 8

Features of drugs and its effects on the central nervous system

Answer 8

• Increased lipid solubility enhances the passage of drugs across the blood brain barrier
• Penicillins and aminoglycosides have poor penetration across the BBB

Question 9

Patients on the following medications are at increased risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw except?
A. Bevacizumab
B. Alendronate
C. Denosumab
D. Sunitinib  
E. Cetuximab

Answer 9

E. Cetuximab

Question 10

Stimulation of the following receptors in the brain results in increased seizure activity except:
A. NMDA receptors
B. Calcium channels
C. Sodium channels
D. Chloride channels
E. AMPA receptors

Answer 10

D. Chloride channels

Question 10

Steroid medications and their mineralocorticoid activity

Answer 10

Highest to Lowest

• Fludrocortisone
• Hydrocortisone
• Prednisone
• Dexamethasone, Betamethasone = NOTHING

Question 11

Steroids and their glucocorticoid activity

Answer 11

Highest to Lowest

• Dexmethasone/Betamethasone
• Fludrocortisone
• Prednisolone
• Hydrocortisone

Question 12

What causes a false positive result in aldosterone to renin ratio

What causes a false negative result in aldosterone to renin ratio

Answer 12

FALSE POSITIVE - decrease renin and aldosterone

• B blockers: β-blockers suppress renin secretion by inhibiting β1-adrenergic receptors located on JG cells
• Direct alpha blockers
• NSAID

FALSE NEGATIVE
- ACEi/ARB: decrease aldosterone, increase renin
- Dihydropyridine CCB: decrease aldosterone, increase renin
- Diuretic: increase renin and aldosterone
- Mineralcorticoid receptor antagonist: increase renin + aldosterone
-

Question 13

What is the primary target cell for PTH

Answer 13

Osteoblast

Question 14

Function of thrombopoietin

Answer 14

Promotes survival and differentiation of megakaryocytes

Question 15

Match the following:
DiGeorge Syndrome
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

Defects in Neutrophils
Defects in lymphocytes
Absent thymus

Answer 15

Chronic Granulomatous Disease - defects in neutrophils

DiGeorge Syndrome: Absent thymus

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency: Defects in lymphocytes

Question 16

Which of the following does not interact with ligand gated ion channels?
A. Benzodiazepines
B. Glutamate
C. Glycine
D. Insulin 
E. Serotonin

Answer 16

D. Insulin

Question 17

Which of the following pharmacodynamic factors is important in determining the efficacy of aminoglycosides?
A. Ratio of the maximum concentration over the minimum inhibitory concentration
B. Renal clearance
C. Total exposure of the body to the drug
D. Tissue penetration
E. Time the concentration is above the minimum inhibitory concentration

Answer 17

A. Ratio of the maximum concentration over the minimum inhibitory concentration