Western States and Gondarie Period Flashcards
Oromo Monarchies: Gibe States Oromo Monarchies: Leqa States Sheikdoms and Peoples of Beni-Shangul Gumuz Local Chiefs of Gambella peoples
Following their expansion in the ___and ___regions, the system went under changes in the early ____century. In such a way, the Oromo gradually abandoned the Gadaa system and began to form monarchial states in these regions.
Gibe, Wallaga, nineteenth century,
Different views are held regarding the cause for the transformation of the Gadaa system. One of the main factors was the changing of Oromos from a ____to___ mode of life and the class differentiation that this brought about. The _______that the Oromo waged during their movement and expansion were another factor.
pastoral, agrarian, continuous wars
This evolution towards monarchical power was manifested in two regions.
The first was in the area of the Gibe River, hence they were named _____.
The second was in the area of the Wallaga, and was called the ___.
Gibe monarchies, Leqa monarchies
the 5 Gibe States Were
1)Limmu-Ennarya,
2)Jimma,
3)Gumma,
4)Gomma and
5)Gera
1)Limmu Ennarya
-the earliest Gibe state
-its center was Saqqa
-was established on the territories of the older state of Ennarya
-its strategic location in the region enabled it to control the long-distance trade routes thatlinked the region with the north
-it became the strongest state in the region during the first half of the nineteenth century
-the strongest ruler of Limmu Ennarya was Abba Bagibo, or Ibsa (r.1825-1861)
2)Jimma
-was stronger than Limmu-Ennarya and other Gibe states since the middle of the nineteenth century
-it became popular under Sanna or Abba Jifar I (r. 1830-1855) = its founder
-emerged in southwestern Ethiopia in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
-depended on the ideological support of Islam and the commercial prosperity from coffee and slave trade
- its success resulted in its supremacy in the second half of the 19th century
3)Gumma
- emerged in the first decade of the nineteenth century
-became an important state in 1820 - its political importance grew up under its strong ruler, Oncho Jilcha
4) Gomma
-the earliest Gibe state to accept Islam
5) Gera
-became well known around 1835 during its strongest ruler, Tullu Gunji (a popular warrior king and a good administrator. It was in great conflict with the state of Gumma)
A distinctive feature of the Gibe states was their conversion from indigenous religions to Islam in the second half of the nineteenth century. (T/F)
False. Because it was in the first half of the nineteenth century, not on the second half of the nineteenth century.
the 2 Leqa States were
a-Leqa naqamte and
b-Leqa Qellem
a) Leqa Naqamte
-leader called Bakare Godana established the state
-grew even more powerful under his successors Moroda and Kumsa Moreda
-After his conversion to Christianity, his successors, Moroda and Kumsa (later Dejazmach Gabra-Egziabher), followed in his footsteps and consolidated Leqa Naqamte.
b) Leqa Qellem
-southwestern Wallaga
-founded by one of the Qellem chiefs, Tullu
-His son and successor, Jote, consolidated it in the second half of the nineteenth century.
- Besides agriculture, the economy of Leqa states was based on the Ethio-Sudanese frontier trade.
- Some foreign merchants from Funj Sultanate of Sudan used to visit these two Leqa states. Jote Tullu’s kingdom was in constant interaction, both hostile and peaceful, with the sheikhdoms of Asosa
Gondarie Peiod
-(1636-1769 CE)
-refers to the years during which the rulers of the highland Christian Kingdom ruled from a new capital called Gondar
1636
establishment of Gondar by Fasiledes
