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western front Flashcards

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1
Q

when was ww1

A

1914-1918

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2
Q

what time period was ww1 during

A

modern

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3
Q

what was aseptic surgery

A

where microbes are removed from the operating theatre before instead of killed after

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4
Q

what did they do before aseptic surgery

A

all staff wash faces, arms, hands before
rubbery gloves and gown
steam to sterilise
air sterilised

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5
Q

who discovered the xray

A

wilhelm roentgen

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6
Q

what were the early limitations of xrays

A

1500x higher radiation that todays
glass tube broke easily
took 90 minutes on hand
large machines difficult to move

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7
Q

what were later developments of xrays

A

put on back of ambulances
photo speed improved
glass tubes stronger

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8
Q

who and when were blood groups discovered

A

1901 karl landsteiner

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9
Q

how were blood transfusions developed

A

added citrate glucose to store for 4 weeks

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10
Q

what was the impact of blood groups

A

meant wounded could have transfusions closer to the front line to stop shock or blood loss/ lives saved drastically increased

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11
Q

why was terrain a transport problem

A

evacuation difficulties
previously farmlands so no road
bacteria caused infection

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12
Q

what were stretcher bearers

A

four men per stretcher
collected wounded from no mans land

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13
Q

what were the problems of a horse drawn carriage

A

too slow
shook making injuries worse
couldnt take lots of

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14
Q

what were motor ambulances

A

512 donated by british public
donated by volunteer nurses

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15
Q

what were train ambulances

A

by nov 1914 ambulances had stretchers and some operating theatres

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16
Q

what were barge ambulances

A

canal barges
go straight to ships through canals

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17
Q

what were bad conditions in trenches

A

exposed sewage
dead bodies
flooding
frostbite
rat and lice infestations
rapid spread of disease

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18
Q

what were trench foot symptoms

A

painful swelling from standing in mud and water
led to gangrene

19
Q

what were solutions to gangrene

A

prevention
whale oil
keep feet dry and change socks
gangrene-amputation

20
Q

what were symptoms of trench fever

A

flu like symptoms
half a million men affected

21
Q

what were solutions of trench fever

A

indentified as contact lice
set up delousing stations

22
Q

what were shellshock symptoms

A

tiredness, headaches, nightmares, loss of speech, uncontrollable shaking and mental breakdown

23
Q

what were shellshock solutions

A

some treated in britain
called cowards and punished

24
Q

what was responsible for 58% of wounds

A

shrapnel and explosives

25
Q

what was gas gangrene

A

wounds exposed to chemical gas
killed within 24 hours

26
Q

what was chlorine gas 1915

A

suffocation
first used by germans
issued gas masks

27
Q

what was phosgene gas 1915

A

first used at the end of 1915
similar but faster than chlorine

28
Q

what was mustard gas 1917

A

first used by germans
odourless
passed through clothes and cause internal and external blisters

29
Q

what was the RAMC

A

royal army medical corps that dealt with anything medical

30
Q

what was FANY

A

first aid nursing yeomanry
group of volunteer nurses first refused by british so they worked for the french and belgium until british realised their worth

31
Q

what was the chain of evacuation in order

A

reginmental aid post
advanced dressing station
main dressing station
casualty clearing station
base hospitals

32
Q

regimental aid post

A

within trenches
patch up soldiers

33
Q

advanced dressing station

A

400 meters off front line
tent or bunker

34
Q

main dressing station

A

half a mile back
abandoned building
RAMC worked and kept field ambulances
kept wounded for a week

35
Q

casualty clearing station

A

far back
walk wounded- patched and returned
hospital treatment- life threatening injuries sent to base hospitals
severely wounded- confortable before death

36
Q

base hospitals

A

near coast
continued casualty clearing station operations depending on doctors field

37
Q

what was the arras underground hospital

A

nov 1916
fully working hospital with water electric wards and operating theatre
800 meters of tunnels and medical staff
abandoned in 1917 due to germans destroying water supply

38
Q

what was the thomas splint

A

pulled the leg back to avoid the bone sticking out the leg and prevent severe blood loss

39
Q

how did the thomas splint change the survival rate of shrapnel

A

20% to 82%

40
Q

what were solutions to infection

A

removing dead damaged ir infected tissue
amputating limbs to prevent spreading

41
Q

what were the problems of head and brain injuries

A

hard to move through the chain of evacuation
few doctors with medical experience

42
Q

what was the impact of head injuries

A

men operated in quickly
not moved for three weeks after
magnets removed shrapnel
thoroughly checked for gangrene

43
Q

why was plastic surgery used

A

helping wounded who were badly scarred and disfigured from their wounds

history-medicine (5 decks)

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