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Western expansion Flashcards

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1
Q

Where was the Oregon country located?

A

North of California between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains 

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2
Q

What present day areas were included in the Oregon country?

A

Oregon, Washington, Idaho, parts of Montana, and Wyoming, and half of modern-day British Columbia

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3
Q

Who claimed the Oregon country in the 1800s?

A

The United States, great Britain, Spain, Russia

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4
Q

why did most Americans want to take control of the Oregon country?

A

 To gain access to the Pacific Ocean

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5
Q

How did the Adams-Otis treaty of 1819 affect claims to the Oregon country?

A

Spain agreed to set the border of new Spain at what is now California’s northern border

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6
Q

how did England and the US originally deal with their disputed claims to Oregon?

A

Joint occupations

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7
Q

why did mountain men moved to the Oregon country?

A

To trap beaver and sell the Pelts

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8
Q

what led mountain men to have to find new ways to make money?

A

1) There was less to sell because the beaver population dwindled due to over trapping

2) beaver pelts were not fashionable anymore so people did not want to buy them

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9
Q

what ways did mountain men find to make money?

A

First, some settled on farms. Second, some worked as guides who led settlers to Oregon safely

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10
Q

how did these changes for mountain men impact the westward movement and settlement of the west?

A

The guides made it possible for a normal people to move into Oregon, so the population increased in the area

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11
Q

what two reasons lead a large number of people to leave life in the east and begin traveling to Oregon in the 1830s?

A

1) economic troubles in the east. No opportunity
2) word spread that Oregon had Good land to settle. Opportunity.

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12
Q

describe the route that was taken to get to Oregon known as the Oregon Trail

A

1) start at independence Missouri.
2) Cross the great plains.
3) Travel along the Platte river.
4) Take the south pass across the Rocky Mountains.
5) Travel north, and then west tracking the snake in Columbia rivers into Oregon. 

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13
Q

What is a prairie schooner?

A

Wagons, settlers, used to travel. From the distance, they looked like ships.

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14
Q

Approximately how many Americans travel the Oregon Trail?

A

1000 emigrants

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15
Q

Why were settlers who were going to Oregon considered emigrants?

A

They left the United States for Oregon territory.

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16
Q

How far did settlers have to travel on the Oregon Trail?

A

2000 miles

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17
Q

How did America’s mission change in the mid-1800s?

A

originally, Americans believed their mission was to model, freedom and democracy to the world.

In the 1800s, the mission was to spread freedom by having American settle the entire continent

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18
Q

where did the term manifest destiny come from?

A

The term was coin in the 1840s buy a New York newspaper editor named John O’Sullivan

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19
Q

What was the meaning of the idea of manifest destiny?

A

O’Sullivan said God had destined the United States to possess the entire continent, extending the United States boundaries all the way to the Pacific Ocean

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20
Q

 How did manifest destiny play a role in the election of 1844?

A

Democrat, James Polk defeated wig Henry Clay in the election, because he believed America should take over the Oregon territory. And increase American land generally.

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21
Q

America wanted to take the Oregon territory at what parallel?

A

The 54th parallel

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22
Q

America ended up splitting the Oregon territory with Britain at what parallel?

A

The 49th parallel

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23
Q

How did Florida become a state?

A

Florida voted to become a state in 1837 and was approved by Congress in 1839. However, Florida wanted to be a slave state and had to wait until a free state also wanted to be admitted into the United States. When Iowa asked to be admitted as a free state in 1845, Florida could be admitted as a slave Str Florida voted to become a state in 1837 and was approved by Congress in 1839. However, Florida wanted to be a slave state and had to wait until a free state also wanted to be admitted into the United States. When Iowa asked to be admitted as a free state in 1845, Florida could be admitted as a slave State.

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24
Q

what people made up the majority of American settlers in Florida in the mid-1800s?

A

Planters from Virginia, Georgia, and the Carolinas

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25
Q

How did northern Florida differ economically from Central Florida?

A

Northern Florida had large plantations of cotton and tobacco

Central Florida had small farms in cattle ranches

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26
Q

Why did Mexico invite American settlers to Texas in the 1820s? Who lead them to Texas?

A

Mexico wanted people to settle their land and invited the settlers.

Stephen F Austin brought 300 families to live in Texas.

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27
Q

What problems arose that led to a conflict between Mexico and the American settlers in Texas?

A

The Americans did not want to follow the Mexican rules like learning to speak Spanish and becoming Catholic. Also, Mexico was wanting to be in slavery and the settlers wanted to have slavery.

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28
Q

what did Mexico do in 1830 to slow down American settlers from coming to Texas?

A

Mexico issued a decree to stop allowing Americans to immigrate to Texas

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29
Q

Who led Texas in the quest for independence?

A

Stephen F, Austin and Sam, Houston

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30
Q

What two major battles were a part of the Texas quest for independence?

A

The Alamo, and the battle of San Jacinto

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31
Q

List the current six United States that made up the New Mexico territory in the early 1800s

A

New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Colorado, and Wyoming

32
Q

why is the year 1821 significant in Mexican history

A

That was the year Mexico gain independence from Spain. Cinco de Mayo.

33
Q

Who founded the Santa Fe trail?

A

William Becknell

34
Q

what year was the Santa Fe trail? Founded?

A
  1. The year Mexico gain independence from Spain.
35
Q

Why was the Santa Fe trail Founded?

A

To increase trade between Mexico and America and boost the Mexican economy

36
Q

What was the starting point of the Santa Fe trail?

A

Independence, Missouri

37
Q

what was the endpoint of the Santa Fe trail?

A

Santa Fe, New Mexico

38
Q

What river did you have to cross on the Santa Fe trail?

A

The Arkansas river

39
Q

Who brought missions to the Americas?

A

Missionaries like Captain Gaspar de Portola and father Junipero Serra, who both began a chain of missions.

40
Q

What was the purpose of bringing missions to the Americas?

A

To convert the Native Americans to Christianity in a Spanish way of life

41
Q

What types of activities were done on mission lands?

A

Native Americans crew crops, tended, livestock, and worked at weaving another crafts.

42
Q

Ranchos

A

A large ranch

43
Q

Ranchero

A

A native American ranch worker who worked the land in exchange for food and shelter

44
Q

What role did John C Fremont play in the settlement of the west?

A

This map maker led expeditions to help Americans settle in California. He encouraged a small group of Americans to revolt against Mexico, and that was called the bear flag revolt.

45
Q

How did President James K Polk plan to justify causing war with Mexico?

A

Polk wanted to get Mexico to strike first to justify the war so he picked a fight with them over the border line between Texas and Mexico

46
Q

The US claimed that this was the borderline between Mexico and Texas

A

The Rio Grande river

47
Q

Mexico claimed that this was the border with the United States

A

The Nueces river 150 miles north of the Rio Grande

48
Q

What deal did US representative John Slidell propose to Mexico for their lands?

A

The US would buy California and New Mexico for $30 million if Mexico agreed to make the Rio Grande river the official border. Also, the US would pay what Mexico owed to the American citizens.

49
Q

How did Mexico respond to John Slidell?

A

Mexico would not talk to John Slidell

50
Q

what US act ordered by President Polk instigated the start of the conflict with Mexico?

A

Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor to lead US forces into the disputed border area north of the Rio Grande. Mexico consider this an invasion and attacked tailors forces on April 25 of 1846.

51
Q

President Polk’s famous quote that started the war

A

Mexico invaded our territory and shed American blood upon American soil

52
Q

President Polk plan to defeat Mexico by accomplishing what three goals?

A

1) drive Mexican forces out of the disputed area between Texas and Mexico
2) sieze New Mexico, and California
3) advancing to Mexico and capture the capital of Mexico City

53
Q

What significant event happened on June 14 of 1846?

A

Americans declared California independent for Mexico and renamed themselves the bear flag republic.

54
Q

How did the United States react to California becoming a republic?

A

Within a month, they declared California and American territory

55
Q

what American general successfully captured Mexico City and ended the Mexican American war?

A

General Scott, Winfield in 1847

56
Q

What were the two main provisions of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

A

Mexico had to give the New Mexico territory to the United States

Mexico excepted the Rio Grande border with Texas

57
Q

What did America give to Mexico at the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

A

$15 million to pay for the New Mexico territory and they took on the $3.25 million of debt Mexico owed to American citizens

58
Q

What was the year of the California gold rush? Where?

A

1849, Sutters mill

59
Q

What was the year of the California gold rush?

A

1849

60
Q

What was the nickname for California? Gold rushers?

A

49ers

61
Q

People from the six areas all came to California in search of gold

A

America, Mexico, South America, Europe, Australia, China

62
Q

Who were Californios?

A

Mexicans who continue to live in California after the Mexican American war

63
Q

What impact did the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo have on Californios?

A

they got to keep their land (1848). However, in 1851 the land law allowed settlers, who disputed a Californio’s claim over land To require the Californio to prove their land rights or lose their land.

64
Q

What were boomtowns?

A

A fast growing community

65
Q

Who made big profits as a result of the gold rush?

A

not the 49ers

merchants, who supported the boom towns, made big profits from the gold rush.

66
Q

What’s a vigilante?

A

A self proclaimed police in a Boomtown

67
Q

In what year did California become a state?

A

1850

68
Q

in what year was the Mormon religion founded?

A

1830

69
Q

where did the Mormon religion start?

A

Western New York

70
Q

Who is the founder of the Mormon religion?

A

Joseph Smith.

71
Q

What are the sacred texts of the Mormon? Religion called?

A

The book of Mormon

72
Q

What was the reason for Mormon persecution?

A

mostly polygamy.

They also believed they needed to build a kingdom on earth for Christ to come,

and that property should be shared in common.

73
Q

Who eventually became the leader of the Mormons

A

Brigham Young

74
Q

Where did Brigham Young take the Mormons to settle?

A

 The great Salt Lake

75
Q

what was the Mormon trail?

A

 The route Mormons took to move to the great Salt Lake beginning in 1846

76
Q

How many Mormons made the trip to the great Salt Lake?

A

About 12,000

77
Q

how did America come to acquire the great Salt Lake area?

A

It became a territory after the US American war. The United States made Brigham Young the governor. But Utah cannot be excepted to statehood because of polygamy. In 1896 the Mormons gave up polygamy, and Utah became a state.

History (1 decks)

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