western classical tradition 1650-1910 Flashcards
baroque typical features (texture)
- call and response (antiphonal)
- contrapuntal texture
- variety
baroque typical features (melody)
- single line melody
- ornamentation
- melismas
- imitation
- scalic
baroque typical features
instrumentation
- heavy use of strings
- harpsichord- basso continuo - figured bass
- limited use of brass and percussion for emphasis at cadence points (don’t have valves yet so can only play a few pitches
- use of voices (choral)
baroque typical features
tonality
- major
- minor
baroque typical features
rhythm
-hemiola
baroque typical features
harmony
- diatonic
- primary triad
- use of perfect cadences
classical typical features
texture
- melody and accompaniment
- Alberti bass
- symphony
- pedal notes in the intro
classical typical features
melody
- chromatic inflections
- scalic
classical typical features
harmony
- diatonic harmony (balanced)
- - perfect cadences, complete
classical typical features
tonality
- major key
- perfect cadences, complete
- use of primary triads -1,4,5 maybe 6, establishes key
classical typical features
instrumentation
- tremolo in strings
- ornamentation (acciaccaturas, trills, appoggiaturas etc)
- transposing instruments (use of horns)
- woodwind (decoration and colour)
- string-based orchestra
- brass used for cadence points
classical typical features
rhythm
- dotted notes
- triplets
- sequences, same ideas but notes moving in step
- balanced phrases (emphasis on the first and third notes in a bar)
classical typical features
dynamics
- crescendos
- staccato
baroque typical features
dynamics
-very little to no dynamics
romantic typical features (texture)
mainly homophonic (melody and accompaniment), however sometimes used polyphonic texture
romantic typical features (melody)
- song like melodies (lyrical) - cantabile
- programme music (music that tells a story)
- unexpected melodic shifts
- virtuosic
romantic typical features (instrumentation)
- use of the pedal
- full range of the piano
- sustain chord used
romantic typical features (tonality)
- modulation into different keys
- chromaticism
- frequent key change - use of chromaticism allows more free changes in key
romantic typical features (harmony)
- chromatic harmonies
- colourful harmony
- sustain chord used
- enharmonic equivalent/ shift - pivot note
- diminished 7th chords
- dominant 9th chords
- dominant pedal notes
romantic typical features (rhythm)
- rubato
- dotted rhythms
- cross-rhythm
- a complex division of notes
- complex division of beats (septuplets)
romantic typical features (dynamics)
- dramatic contrasts of dynamics and pitch
- articulation - use of accents
- unexpected changes in dynamics
- ornamentation
