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music > Western classical > Flashcards

Western classical Flashcards

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1
Q

BAOQUE

What is a basso continuo or continuo?(3)

A
  • bassoon/cello play bass line
  • along with the harpsichord
  • organ for the continuo
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2
Q

BAROQUE

What notation is figure bass?

A

consisted of numbers written below the bass line

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3
Q

BAROQUE

why is the harpsichord played at the front of the orchestra?

A

Because it directed the orchestra and they could all see it

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4
Q

Name 3 composers in the Baroque period

A

J.C.Bach
Vivaldi
Handel

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5
Q

What period is Baroque?

A

1600-1750

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6
Q

BAROQUE
Give the tempo, metre and features of the following:

Allemande
Courante 
Sarabande
Minuet
Gigue
A

Allemande- Moderate- 4/4- stately character
Courante- Fast- 3/4- lively/ dotted rhythms
Sarabande- Slow- 3/2- decorated/trills/serious
Minuet- moderate- 3/4- elegant
Gigue- fast- 6/8- jig/lively/irish folk

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7
Q

BAROQUE

What does a ground bass piece usually start on?

A

Bass line on its own!

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8
Q

BAROQUE

what are the 4 properties of Ground bass?

A
  • Repeated melodic patterns (ostinato)
  • Commonly played on cello or organ
  • new layers are added gradually
  • famous piece- Pachelbels canon
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9
Q

What is a fugue?(3)

A
  • One tune performed
  • Then answered using the same tune a fifth higher/ fourth lower
  • Then imitated by 2 or more voices
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10
Q

what is a concerto grosso?(2)

A
  • Group of soloists( concertante)

- Played with an orchestra (ripieno)

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11
Q

what is a solo concerto?

A

one soloist played with an orchestra

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12
Q

What is a sonata?(2)

A
  • Solo instruments accompanied by the cello and harpsichord

- 3 or 4 contrasting movements (mini pieces)

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13
Q

What are small groups of instruments called?

A

Concertino/ concertante

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14
Q

what does tutti mean?

A

All or everyone

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15
Q

What does ritornello mean?

A

little return

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16
Q

What is a lute?(4)

A
  • string family
  • frets
  • plucked
    has a sound box
  • forerunner to a guitar
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17
Q

What is a cadenza?(3)

A
  • virtuoso solo
  • inserted into a movement in a concerto or other musical work
  • typically near the end.
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18
Q

Name 4 classical composers

A

Hayden
Beethoven
Mozart
Schubert

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19
Q

What are the main differences between baroque and classical music?(2)

A
  • The harpsichord that led the audience has changed to a conductor
  • classical is highly decorated with trills etc
20
Q

What is the classical style galant?

A

Courtly style aimed to chiefly please the listener

21
Q 
What voices are these:
Soprano
Treble
Mezzo Soprano
Counter-tenor
A

Soprano- High female voice
Treble- Boys high unbroken voice
Mezzo Soprano- Medium high female voice
Counter-tenor- male alto or soprano (falsetto0

22
Q 
What voices are these:
Alto
Tenor
baritone
Bass
A

Alto- High male or low female
Tenor- high male voice
baritone- medium male voice
Bass- lowest male voice

23
Q

VOICES

What is Syllabic and Melismatic?

A

Syllabic- One note per syllable

Melismatic- multiple notes per syllable

24
Q

VOICES

What is vibrato?

A

A rich wobble in the voice

25
Q

LIED

What does lied mean?

A

German for song

26
Q

VOICES

What is a madrigal?

A

A piece of music that was written for voice

27
Q

VOICES

What is a refrain?

A

Another word for chorus

28
Q

VOICES

What is imitation?

A

Repetition of a phrase or melody often in differed pitches or keys

29
Q

VOICES

Define sacred and Secular

A

Sacred- religious. words in the song about religion

Secular- non religious. words in song are not about religion

30
Q

FOLK

name 5 instruments in folk music

A 
Tin Whistle
Northumbrian pipes
accordion
fiddle
banjo
31
Q

VOICES

Give the differences between Opera and Oratorio

A

Opera

  • Not religious
  • Acting/dancing on stage

Oratorio

  • Has a conductor
  • younger singers
  • they have visual scores
32
Q

OPERA

Define Recitative

A

Simple chords whilst spoken singing

33
Q

OPERA

What is the text of an opera called?

A

Libretto

34
Q

OPERA

define Aria

A

solo song

35
Q

What does D.C mean and its definition

A

Da Capo

Whole part of the first section of the song to be repeated at the end of the movement

36
Q

What a piano trio contain?

A

Piano
Violin
Cello

37
Q

What does a string quintet(5) contain?

A

2 violins
viola
cello
double bass

38
Q

what does a piano quintet(5) contain?

A

piano
2 violins
viola
cello

39
Q

What does a string quartet contain?

A

2 violins
viola
cello

40
Q

What does a wind quintet(5) contain?

A 
flute
oboe
clarinet
bassoon
horn
41
Q

What does a piano quartet contain?

A

piano
violin
viola
cello

42
Q

What does a string trio contain?

A

violin
viola
cello

43
Q

what does a string sextet contain?

A

2 violins
2 violas
2 cellos

44
Q

What is Chamber music?

A

Music composed for a small group of solo musicians

45
Q 
CHAMBER
What tempo mood/character and form/tonality is in movement:
1
2
3
4
A

1- fast/ allegro- happy- sonata form
2- adagio/slow- relaxed- sonata in a different key
3- allegro/ fast- fun 3/4- Minuet and trio
4 presto very fast happy- rondo form

46
Q

What is da capo aria?

A

An aria is a song with a solo singer and Accompaniment! ABA

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