Western Civilizations Midterm ID's and Essays Flashcards

Question

Lord Tallerrand

Answer 1

from France worked for Louis 16th and Napoleon at Congress of Vienna

Answer 2

developed by metternich said put map into stone said powers at be should meet every year i order to nip all revolutions in the bud believed in cracking down

Answer 3

1798 wrote first essay on population first practitioner of political economy said population was getting to big and exponential growth needed to stop

Answer 4

helped to eradicate smallpox developed world's first vaccine used on cattle first makes birth rate go up anymore

Answer 5

stock breeder breed animals for meat, dairy., wool, etc. changed people's diets made birth rate and fertility go up

Answer 6

``` early 1800's road builders telford= business macadam= engineer improve roads dramatically people can now get around cities and transportation improves ```

Answer 7

``` early modern period practices farmer grows middle man weaver sold done at people's houses ```

Answer 8

``` early 1800's a precursor to unions working class trying to fight back doesn't work because bourgeoisie have all the power combinations act passed to stop it attack machines ```

Answer 9

early 1800's came from name Ned Ludd may or may not have been a person when workers attacked machines they said Nedd ludd put them up to it breaking machines became punishable by death

Answer 10

coined the word Socialism wanted to take people out of factories to form small industrial communities outside of cities utopists built a couple in Scotland

Answer 11

1819 started in St. Peter's field meeting held by Henry Hunt there ( revolutionary) soldiers march in and killed and injure people absolute disaster

Answer 12

towns with charters | rotten borrows are towns with charters that no one lives in

Answer 13

1832 (obviously) gives upper regions of middle class men the right to vote Parliament now has to answer to the Bourgeoisie unrepresented cities, now better represented lowered property qualifications more men have right to vote

Answer 14

1834 Old poor law took care of people through parishes everyone would be taxed in order to help the poor growth in pop put a strain on this, so did industrial rev. Bourgeoisie don't want to pay, so they do away with old poor law people now have to go to terrible poor houses

Answer 15

``` 1835 towns could only do what charters allowed some cities did not have charters charters granted to many cities could now hire firemen, policies, etc. ```

Answer 16

1836 marriage use to have to be in church of England people who were not Anglican had to get married twice now just one marriage documented in court

Answer 17

``` early 1800's aristocratic sons demanded land back after French rev. plunder political murders go through people's homes hire goons ```

Answer 18

the king's nephew | was assassinated in white terror

Answer 19

``` 1820's Charles 10th chief minister said he had nightly visions of the Virgin Mary she advised him on politics said strong aristocracy ```

Answer 20

1 billion franks that was suppose to be raised by tax payers was suppose to pay off the aristocratic sons lost property in French rev.

Answer 21

all property goes to oldest son wanted to keep land intact use to be divided up among children Polignac wanted this

Answer 22

``` newspaper man Wrote history of Napoleon appointed prime minister of France ended french rev. by starving out paris killed many Parisians revolting against 3rd republic ```

Answer 23

early to mid 1800's July monarchy becomes France's king cousin of Charles chamber of deputies invites him to be king wanted domestic peace at home and to promote industrial rev ends up alienating everyone eventually abdicates thrown because protestors shot by patrol troops

Answer 24

mid 1800's nephew of Napoleon opponents of Louis Philippe rally around him loses to Prussians won election for president of France, wants to be in power, stays for 10 years called for plebiscite, people wanted him in power Declared France 2nd Empire, he is Emperor lots of public works projects educational reform, freedom of press, yearly debate on speech from the throne Gives Ollivier power when he dies Makes France a republic

Answer 25

1848 formed after Louis Philippe abdicated consisted of Lamatine (poet), Arago (astronomer), Louis Blanc (socialist), and Albere (button maker) write constitution to make france republic socially conservative, france is going to be a middle class republic

Answer 26

mid 1800's Italian nationalist advocated for Rome, believed Rome should absorb all of Italy Leads opposition of pope allies with Garibaldi controlled Rome for a brief period Rome eventually given back to pope thanks to France

Answer 27

mid 1800's 1st president of Venice wants to fight for freedom against Austrians the pope says no so, everyone turns against pope

Answer 28

mid 1800's 1st national parliament in Germany's history job is to write constitution for a unified germany decide germany will be a federal union, with emperor, 2 house legislature, freedom of speech, etc. Fredrick William 4th turns it down whole thing is an epic fail

Answer 29

means rebirth was one of Mazzini's practices wanted to unite Italy and convince people they were Italian

Answer 30

``` mid 1800's sailor, soldier, ally of Mazzini first went to venice to help Manin out organizes defense of Rome set out to take control of Rome again had to surrender to Cavour ```

Answer 31

mid 1800's Aristocrat wanted to extend Piedmont to control Italy Brought economic reform to Piedmont including national bank, tax and tariffs, trains and steamships Piedmont became model for all other Italians Turned to Louis Napoleon as ally Everything in Italy eventually becomes Piedmont Garibaldi surrenders

Answer 32

vote for one certain question allowed everything in Italy to be absorbed into Piedmont also used to gauge Louis' Napoleon's popularity in France

Answer 33

mid 1800's tried to kill Louis Napoleon rolled grenades at imperial carriage was executed

Answer 34

mid 1800's Pomeranian land owner, diplomat Minister of Prussia has same views as William 1st to expand army breaks law when chamber of deputies says no and takes taxes to extend army fights wars against Denmark, Prussia, and France (wins all three) makes Prussia all of Germany and becomes Chancellor with almost complete power

Answer 35

1860's Shlechbuig and Holstein are wanted by Bismarck War is very short Austria is angry and condemns this with help of the German confederation Bismarck now goes t war with Austria

Answer 36

1860's 7 weeks war Austrians humiliated Austrians lose many men and Prussians lose very few Austria has to permanently separate from Germany Austrians also have to give Venetia to Italy

Answer 37

1870's Crisis with Spain, Bismarck interferes to piss French off appoints Leopold as King of Spain Prussians outnumber French 2 to 1 Almost no one dies, French surrounded Gambetta and a few troops keep fighting for France Ultimately France loses, has to pay 5 bil. Franks, gives up Alsace and Lorraine, William 1st emperor of Germany

Answer 38

1870's William 1st tries to cool things down with French Bismark changes wording and publishes document Looks like Prussia is snubbing French Riots break out France declares war on Prussia

Answer 39

``` 1870's During Franco Priussian war, leader of those who would not give up fought for France Makes Bismarck squeeze Paris even harder eventually surrenders in 1871 ```

Answer 40

1870's culture war Bismarck hated Catholics and fought them bishops deprived of powers, catholic schools monitored, civil marriage mandatory Catholic church pushes back Bismarck stops eventually Catholic political party is formed

Answer 41

1870's Bernstein is head of one try to meld together Darwinism and Marxism wanted gradual reform

Answer 42

1870's Head of social democratic political party tried to merge Marxism and Darwinism people from this party get elected to Parliament push for social legislature, workers comp, etc. Bismarck makes some concessions including a retirement age of 65

Answer 43

``` 1870's French King during rev. inherited broke France hired Turgot, Necker, and Calonne Calls estates general into session they go against him and form constitution? tennis court oath Killed by National convention ```

Answer 44

1860's-1870's becomes king of Prussia after Fredrick William 4th wants to double the size of army dissolved chamber of deputies after plans were dismissed Bismarck is his ally helps stop political stalemate

Answer 45

1860's Appointed by Louis Napoleon as Prime Minister of France was leader of opposition to Louis Napoleon wanted France to be a republic power passes to him when Louis dies

Answer 46

1870's revolution after the writing of the constitution forming 3rd rep. doesn't have what sans-culottes want in it supporters known as communar paris starved out by thiers, many killed revolution stops

Answer 47

mid 1800's sponsored by British gov. World's fair wanted to show off Industrial Rev.

Answer 48

designed the Crystal Palace for the World's Fair building like no other during the time London in Hyde Park Eventually destroyed by fire

Answer 49

mid 1800's in England liability limited to what you put in encourages people to invest

Answer 50

``` written by Mrs. Isabella Beeton mid 1800's helped newly middle class know proper etiquette ```