Western Civilization Semester 1 Review Flashcards
What is meant by the term “Hellenistic Period”?
The period of time between Alexander’s conquest and the beginning of the Roman Empire
Who are the Diadochi? What were they fighting over?
The Diadochi are Macedonian generals named Seleucus Nicator, Antigonus, Ptolemy, and Cassander who fought over the empire after Alexander the Great’s death.
Who was the Phoenician princess that Zeus kidnapped?
Europa
What is described as a method of producing art?
frescoes
What are Mycenaean warrior kings that controlled city-states from the palace called?
wanax
What is a city-state that controls a large area around it that might include other small villages and towns?
A polis
What is a place where citizens came together to share ideas/ can be called open market?
An agora
What type of government is described as a form of government where power is held by the nobility?
An aristocracy
What are athenian elected leaders that had a lot of authority over laws called?
Archons
What do we call a large group of people within the society who were essentially slaves?
Helots
Define philosophy.
the study of fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence
Who expanded the Thales school of thought to include the individual’s moral and ethical obligations?
Socrates of Athens
What is the remains of the Persian army against an alliance of Greek city-states led by General Mardonius called?
Hellenic League
Who is a famous Athenian Archon who led the Delian League?
Pericles
Who is Philip II of Macedon?
The King of Macedonia in 356 BC and the father of Alexander the Great
Who is Cleitus the Black?
One of Alexander’s officers/ generals who saved Alexander’s life in the Battle of Granicus
What is Alexandria?
A new city Alexander the Great founded in Egypt prior to the Battle of Gaugamela.
Which battle was between Alexander the Great and King Porus that historians say this was Alexander’s best war as he defeated an army that was much larger and had over 200 war elephants
Battle of Hydaspes
Define regent.
a person selected to rule a kingdom until the real king or queen is old enough to take over
What term refers to the diffusion of Greek culture throughout the known world after Alexander the Great’s conquest?
Hellenistic culture
What is an institution dedicated to pursuit of knowledge in all subject areas?
A museum
What was the known part of the museum stored with knowledge and foundation of academic institution of Greek philosophy?
The Library of Alexandria
What was a giant limestone lighthouse on the coast which is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World?
The Lighthouse of Alexandria
Define bazaar.
A market in a Middle Eastern or Asian country
What were the Cyclopean Walls?
Great walls so large and impressive that surrounded Mycenaean cities that later Greeks thought were built by mythical cyclops
What is the largest Bronze age archaeological site on Crete that has been called Europe’s oldest city?
Knossos
Why was the Trojan War fought? What evidence do we have that this actually happened?
One reason the Trojan War was fought seemed to be because the Mycenaeans were already collapsing. However, the mythical reason suggests that after Helen of Sparta and Paris eloped, Helen’s first husband, Menelaus convinced his brother Agamemnon, king of Mycenae, to retrieve her. Despite which story we believe, the city of Wilusa(Troy) had been destroyed around the 1100s which lines up with the Greek historians prediction of the war.
Compare and contrast the deaths of King Philip of Macedon and Alexander the Great.
Contrast: King Philip was assassinated and Alexander the Great died of either malaria or typhoid fever.
Compare: They both died after their campaigns. Philip died after his Laconia campaign and Alexander died after his Indus River Valley campaign.
Describe the cultural and governmental differences between Athens and Sparta.
The Athens had an aristocracy with Democratic principles and had a cultural emphasis on: philosophy knowledge, and trade.
Spartans had an oligarchy with two kings and had a cultural emphasis on military, agriculture, and discipline.
